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For more than 8,000 years, you can witness the vicissitudes of the sea, and you can also solidify in a seven-hole bone flute about 20 centimeters long.
Unearthed from the Jiahu ruins of Wuyang County, Luohe City, Henan Province, the Jiahu bone flute is the earliest seven-tone instrument found in China so far, which can play modern music such as "Liang Zhu". The mysterious echoes from ancient times attract people to continue to explore the story of the origin of ritual music culture and even Chinese civilization.
Today, in Jiahu Village, Beiwudu Town, Wuyang County, the birthplace of the Jiahu bone flute, the ninth archaeological excavation of the Jiahu site is underway, the Jiahu Site Museum is officially in operation, and the Jiahu National Archaeological Site Park has begun to take shape. Many mysteries of the origins of civilization are expected to be gradually unraveled with the help of multidisciplinary modern archaeologyPrecious cultural relics that have been sleeping underground for thousands of years can be met with more admiring audiences;The activation and utilization of cultural heritage has injected new momentum into the integration of culture and tourism and rural revitalization.
Archaeological excavations. 40 years of continuous exploration of unsolved mysteries.
Under the warm winter sun, the flat wheat fields of the Central Plains are full of greenery. The straight highway splits the flat and fertile fields, and through the unique archway, Jiahu Village has arrived. Most of the people in the village are surnamed Jia, and a lake surrounds the village, so Jiahu Village is named.
Opposite the square at the entrance of the village is the ninth archaeological excavation area of the Jiahu site. Walking into the fence, inside the archaeological exploration party, the staff is either cleaning, or measuring, or recording, and they are busy and busy. The different colored soil layers on the side wall of the exploration side indicate that this is a site with nearly 10,000 years of cultural deposits.
Jiahu Ruins Protection Exhibition Area. Photo courtesy of the Jiahu Ruins Agang Temple Ruins Protection Center.
The Jiahu site is an important Neolithic site from 9000 to 7500 years ago, discovered in 1961, after 8 archaeological excavations from 1983 to 2013, many important archaeological discoveries including bone flutes, tortoiseshell tools, and deed inscription symbols have been obtained, and have been included in China's 100 major archaeological discoveries in the 20th century and "100 archaeological discoveries in 100 years".
For the importance of the Jiahu site, in the 90s of the last century, Yu Weichao, a famous archaeologist and former director of the Chinese History Museum, once commented: "The Jiahu site provides a fairly complete example of the early Neolithic period between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River in China, which was at the forefront of cultural development at that time. Chen Xingcan, chairman of the Chinese Archaeological Society and member of the Faculty of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, commented, "The Jiahu culture, the first peak of China's prehistoric culture, ignited the spark of Chinese civilization from here." ”
The eighth archaeological excavation of the Jiahu site was carried out in 2013. 10 years later, what is the focus of this archaeological excavation?Wei Xingtao, vice president of the Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, introduced that the main purpose of the archaeological excavation work in 2023 is to cooperate with the construction of Jiahu National Archaeological Site Park, and to clarify the distribution of underground relics, the surrounding environment and landscape research of the site as the excavation goal. After more than two months of field work, a variety of ruins such as house sites, cellars (ash pits), tombs, pottery kilns, and ditches have been discovered. Two small burial areas were preliminarily discovered, and pots and pots were unearthed with burial goods, pots, pots, bowls and other pottery, as well as bone awls and other tools, turquoise ornaments, etc.
Wishbone organs. **Jiahu Ruins Museum.
From the perspective of the development of archaeological disciplines, the archaeological excavation and research of Jiahu site is considered to be an example of Chinese archaeology moving towards archaeological science and exploring multidisciplinary comprehensive research. From November 3rd to 5th, the 40th anniversary of the excavation of the Jiahu site and the 2nd International Symposium on Jiahu Culture were held in Luohe. Chen Fahu, chairman of the Geographical Society of China and academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, said at the symposium that many previous archaeological excavations have covered research in the fields of zooarchaeology, plant archaeology, agricultural archaeology, and environmental archaeology. For example, the archaeological report "Wuyang Jiahu" published in 1999 was written by 35 special writers, 31 of whom were experts from natural sciences and other disciplines.
This archaeological excavation also focuses on multidisciplinary research. Wei Xingtao said that in the archaeological excavation team, in addition to field archaeologists, there are also professionals in environmental archaeology, physical anthropology, animal and plant archaeology, isotope archaeology, residue analysis, cultural relics science and technology protection, etc., and some detection analysis and multidisciplinary cooperation have begun to achieve research results.
Over the past 40 years, archaeological excavations have gradually unveiled the mystery of the production and life of the ancestors of Jiahu. Today, we already know that they built houses, hunted and gathered, hunted birds and fish, cultivated rice, domesticated livestock, smelted clay for pottery, broke stones into tools, drilled bones to make flutes, fermented wine, threaded needles and sewed clothes, ......However, there are still many unsolved mysteries waiting to be solved: where did the ancestors of Jiahu come from?They lived here for 1,500 years and then went to **?What is the relationship between tortoiseshell inscriptions and oracle bone inscriptions?The average female here is as tall as 167 meters, what is the reason for the tall height?The turquoise they use comes from **?There are many mysteries to be explored by archaeological research and revealed to the origin.
Ceramic spinning wheel. **Jiahu Ruins Museum.
Zhang Juzhong, a professor at the University of Science and Technology of China, who has presided over the archaeological excavation and research of the Jiahu site for nearly 40 years, said that the research and excavation of the Jiahu site has entered the fifth decade, and with the participation and efforts of new forces, I believe that the research work of the Jiahu site will definitely be able to reach a higher level.
Exhibition and utilization. A variety of ways to tell prehistoric stories.
Adjacent to the excavation area is the site protection exhibition area of Jiahu National Archaeological Site Park. The plank road strings up 4 simple and tall wooden shed buildings, and the original excavation area has restored the stratigraphic profile display area, the house site display area and the agricultural origin exhibition area, etc., tourists can walk through it and feel the settlement life of the ancestors of Jiahu Lake thousands of years ago.
Between the lakes and fields, a museum is built on the waterfront. Looking down from the air, the Jiahu Ruins Museum, which is shaped after the life scenes of ancient ancestors, is like a splashed water droplet, stretching among the wheat fields, implying the origin and diffusion of civilization. On May 18 this year, the Jiahu Ruins Museum was put into trial operation and officially unveiled in early November. The museum built according to the village systematically displays the results of 40 years of archaeological excavations at the Jiahu site, helping people understand the vicissitudes of condensation under the loess.
Aerial view of the Jiahu Ruins Museum.
Courtesy of Jiahu Ruins Museum
Walking into the museum, a wall displays the "world's best" of the Jiahu ruins - the world's earliest winding instrument that can play the seven-tone scale, one of the world's earliest written prototypes, and one of the world's earliest rice farming origins......Stepping into the exhibition hall, the scene display reproduces the production and life scenes of the ancestors of Jiahu such as hunting and gathering. Bone flutes, tortoise shells, turquoise ornaments, rice specimens that have been carbonized for thousands of years, and the aperture is only 07 mm delicate bone needle ......Each piece of cultural relics attracts the attention of visitors.
Turquoise ornaments. **Jiahu Ruins Museum.
Wu Yanfang, director of the Agang Temple Site Protection Center of Jiahu Ruins, introduced that the museum covers an area of 145 acres, with a construction area of 6,000 square meters, and the exhibition area is set up with four special exhibitions, such as "The Source of Ritual and Music - Jiahu Cultural Theme Exhibition" and "Jiahu Exploration", since the preview in May this year, the audience has exceeded 120,000 people.
In both the National Museum of China and the Henan Museum, there are seven-hole bone flutes unearthed from the Jiahu site. In the Jiahu Ruins Museum, you can see a more comprehensive display of unearthed bone flutes, including two-hole bone flutes engraved with diamond-shaped patterns, as well as male and female flutes unearthed from the same tomb. In front of the booth, click on the screen, and you can use the unearthed bone flute to play the images of "Spring River Flower Moonlight Night", "Yimeng Mountain Minor", "Liang Zhu" and other tracks.
Wang Weidong, secretary of the party group and deputy director of the Agang Temple Site Protection Center at the Jiahu site, introduced that more than 40 bone flutes were unearthed at the Jiahu site, with two holes, five holes, six holes, seven holes, and eight holes, most of which are seven holes, all made of the ulna of the red-crowned crane, with a length of 173—24.6 cm between. After the study of sound measurement, the seven-hole bone flute has a complete seven-tone scale structure, thus breaking the conclusion that the pre-Qin period only had a five-tone scale. The burials of the unearthed bone flutes are usually richer than other burial goods, and are accompanied by tortoise shells and forked bone tools, so it is inferred that the tomb owner has a high status and status, and the musical instruments contain certain ritual properties.
Seven-hole bone flute. **Jiahu Ruins Museum.
Wang Weidong introduced that in addition to static display, the museum also organizes research, with the help of VR, AR and other technologies, and strives to achieve visual display, interactive communication, and immersive experience of cultural relics.
Take the cultural and plastic brigade. Revitalization and protection help rural revitalization.
After the completion of the Jiahu Ruins Museum, Wei Jian'an, a 75-year-old villager of Jiahu Village, walked into the museum for the first time, and through the glass display window, he once again "encountered" the cultural relics unearthed by himself many years ago. Wei Jian'an participated in 6 excavations of the Jiahu site, and still clearly remembers the scene of cleaning up the turquoise ornaments. "It's really well built," he said happily as he walked out of the museum.
From 1961, when Zhu Zhi, a cultural relics specialist of Wuyang County Cultural Center, discovered traces of ruins for the first time on the broken walls of the earth well and potato cellar in Jiahu Village, to the discovery of stone shovels, pottery pots and other cultural relics by teachers and students of Jiahu Village Primary School in the late 70s of the last century, and then to the participation of villagers in archaeological excavations since 1983, Jiahu Village and the excavation and protection of Jiahu ruins are closely linked. Nowadays, with the unprecedented attention of archaeological work in the new era, Jiahu Village has also ushered in new development opportunities.
Jia Yanhui, secretary of the Party branch of Jiahu Village, said that thanks to the construction of the archaeological site park, in recent years, the appearance of the village and the water system around the village have been intensively renovated, and Jiahu Village has been rated as a characteristic village of rural tourism in Henan Province. Next to the highway leading to Jiahu Village, the Jiahu Pastoral Complex Project, which integrates cultural tourism, popular science education, leisure experience and other functions, has been completed, and more than 50 greenhouses integrate "food, travel, shopping and entertainment" to attract surrounding citizens to experience and drive rural tourism.
Jiahu's name will definitely be known by more people. Li Ying, a post-95 staff member of the Jiahu Ruins Agang Temple Ruins Protection Center, said. She graduated from Shaanxi Normal University with a major in cultural relics and museology, and returned to work four years ago. "Our museum adheres to the principle of 'small and special' and 'small and refined', and is currently communicating with cultural and creative units to launch cultural and creative products such as bone flutes to help Jiahu culture come alive. ”
Jiahu culture has entered the campus and classroom, and it has also been quietly carried out in the local area. The Luohe Museum designed a cultural and creative interactive experience handicraft bag and a picture book "Exploring Jiahu", and the Jiahu Ruins Agang Temple Ruins Conservation Center compiled "The Source of Rites and Pleasures: Jiahu" to take children to better understand China in the archaeological sites.
Qin Baoqiang, Secretary of the Luohe Municipal Party Committee, said, "History and culture are the soul of the city. In recent years, we have insisted on doing a good job in the protection, management and utilization of the Jiahu site with high quality, and realized the systematic integration of cultural relics protection with economic development and urban and rural construction. In the next step, we should further increase our support for the protection of cultural relics and the construction of archaeological site parks, and continuously expand the social influence and attention of Jiahu site, so that the results of archaeological excavation and cultural relics protection can benefit the general public. ”
Published in People** 202312.18 13th ed.
People's ** reporter Zhi Chunli Zhang Wenhao.
Coordinator of this issue: Lu Tao, Lou Xiaoxiao, Liu Chang.
People's *** Kitchen - Bumper Words Studio], only represents the author's point of view. The national party media information public platform provides information release and dissemination services.
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