**The Cyber Security and Information Commission issued the "14th Five-Year Plan" for National Informatization, which clearly pointed out that "improve the perception ability of forest and grass ecological networks, and improve the digital monitoring and evaluation system for the effectiveness of ecosystem protection", which has led the direction for the construction of digital systems, and China's forestry informatization construction has entered a new stage, and digital forestry development plans have been launched across the country. In 2020, the "National Forest Resources Intelligent Monitoring and Digital Management Platform" developed by the Survey, Planning and Design Institute of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration was released, which provided quantitative, efficient and accurate intelligent services for the monitoring and management of forest resources in China, and further improved the overall architecture of China's digital forestry. Up to now, many provinces across the country have established an intelligent comprehensive management platform integrating disaster data collection, management, monitoring, remote diagnosis, forecasting and early warning.
What is "digital forestry"?
Digital forestry refers to an open system based on the forestry multi-information source network database, characterized by "3S" technology, intelligent technology, virtual reality technology, etc., with three-dimensional display and seamless multi-level data sharing. Its completion will provide a broader and more visual information processing environment and support system for forestry construction, promote the informatization process of all aspects of forestry production, provide information services for forestry and the whole society, and ensure the healthy and rapid development of forestry. It has a wide range of applications in the establishment of historical archives, the display of the current situation, the development dynamics of forests, the analysis and decision-making and precision forestry.
Digital forestry helps the implementation path of forest resource supervision
Forest fire prevention
Through emerging digital technologies, the functions of GIS calculation of forest fire risk index, GIS zoning and design of key fire prevention areas, fire danger forecasting, fire extinguishing plan and post-disaster loss evaluation, and building a platform for precise forest fire prevention and control can be realized. Establish a smart early warning system for forest fires that integrates space, ground and air to realize the scientific prevention and control of forest fires. At the same time, it provides a basic base map for the visualization and intelligent analysis of three-dimensional geographic information data of forest fire prevention, and proposes a route selection model for forest fire fighting in view of the imperfect road network and unreasonable path planning in forest fire fighting process.
Forest fire emergency command system.
Pest and disease surveillance
By setting up monitoring stations equipped with monitoring devices, infrared sensors, etc., the temperature, humidity and other factors in the area are monitored, and the trends of pests and diseases are controlled and scientific, so as to take all-round and multi-angle prevention and control measures for pests, and cut off the transmission sources and transmission routes to the greatest extent, so as to reduce the direct impact of pests and diseases on the forest land.
Intelligent platform for remote diagnosis of forestry pests.
Wildlife conservation
By attaching sensors to wild animals, recording relevant data such as age, name, breed and Xi, and making electronic files and electronic tags, wild animals can be monitored in real time, and if there are abnormal vital signs or movement tracks, forestry managers can take timely measures. Cameras can also be installed in woodlands to collect detailed information about wild animals, which can help them to be cultivated in captivity and contribute to the reproduction of rare animals, so as to better protect wild animals and promote the development of biological diversity.
Wildlife Patrol System.
Monitoring and management of forest resources
By using sensors, electronic tags and other devices to monitor the forest environment, the age, height and width of trees can be more accurately located, which is conducive to tree management. At the same time, it can also monitor the surrounding environment of trees in real time, grasp the growth and development environment of forest trees, the nutrient absorption status and reproduction of forest trees, and realize the efficient supervision of forest resources. In addition, sensors or cameras can be installed on trees to comprehensively monitor environmental pollution in forest land, effectively monitor the phenomenon of indiscriminate deforestation, and strengthen the management and protection of forest resources.
Remote sensing intelligent monitoring platform for forest resources.
Practices in digital forestry everywhere
Beijing: Open a new model of "civil air defense + technical defense" digital supervision and forest protection
Beijing has seized the opportunity of big data development, empowered the "forest chief system" through science and technology, formed a working mechanism of shard management, joint patrol and joint defense, and interconnected forest conditions, and innovatively established a new digital forest protection method of "civil air defense + technical defense".
The first is the "Beijing Forest Intelligent Protection Base Station" built on the basis of the digital supervision platform for forestry drug prevention and control, covering the forestry information digital Internet of Things system in multiple fields such as pest control, plain forest fire prevention and extinguishing, and understory economic data services. At the same time, the pest inspection and reporting personnel can carry out fire prevention inspections, and the observation tower can monitor the forest diseases and pests while monitoring forest firesThe cistern can meet the water needs of fire prevention in winter and insect control in summer;In the event of a fire, pest control vehicles can be immediately converted into woodland firefighting vehicles, which brings convenience to resource sharing in the process of extinguishing fires. The role of intelligent base stations in pest control is particularly important, through the intelligent automatic mixing system and pesticide application system to achieve pesticide saving, reduce pesticide waste, and achieve green and precise control. At the same time, automatic mixing can avoid human contact with pesticides and pollute the environment, reducing harm. In addition, the data monitoring function of the intelligent base station can realize the accurate statistics of drug use in the forest area, form a big data of forest land drug use, and provide guidance services for pest control.
The second is to establish an intelligent system for forestry information management and protection. The use of "wisdom eye" and "and intercom", the use of terminal sensor equipment, through the Internet of Things, remote sensing and other technologies, accurate collection of real-time data on forest resource changes and production and operation related data, to achieve real-time positioning, recording, automatic operation, one-key alarm and other functions, including forest patrol time, routes, tracks, points can be recorded in real time, to achieve "at a glance". Combined with the fire prevention and extinguishing Internet of Things platform, pest control, understory economic data service and other fields as one of the forestry information management and protection system, the grid management of plain woodland is realized.
Intelligent protection system for forests.
Forestry information management and protection intelligent system.
Guiyang City, Guizhou Province: Building a digital forestry supervision cloud platform
Keeping up with the general trend of digital development, Guiyang City has built a digital forestry cloud platform to accelerate the pace of forestry informatization construction and promote the goal of refined forestry management. The first is to construct a "one map" of spatial data for forestry ecological protection. Through the integration, sharing, analysis and utilization of various forestry business data, the dynamic update of forest resources and the control of "one map" in the city have been realized, which has greatly improved the efficiency of forestry work and the level of guarantee of forestry elements. The second is to realize the scientific prevention and control of forestry "one network". Combined with the construction of forest fire prevention remote monitoring system, wildlife monitoring system and forestry pest control system, through the application of 3S, monitoring, satellite remote sensing, unmanned aerial vehicles, mobile terminals and other technologies, the construction of a "one network" for forestry disaster prevention and control integrating air, ground and ground monitoring. The third is to establish an "electronic account" for ancient and famous trees. The city's ancient and famous trees are 100% listed for protection, the management and protection are digitized, and a spatial database of ancient and famous tree resources is established, data information is updated in a timely manner, and dynamic management is implemented.
Guiyang City Afforestation Information Management System.
Kaihua County, Zhejiang Province: Building a "Digital Twin Smart Forestry" scenario
Kaihua County conforms to the trend of digital intelligence development and takes the lead in creating a "digital twin smart forestry" scenario to further improve spatial governance capabilities. The first is "real-time + historical data" to establish a digital twin background model. Using advanced equipment, point cloud imaging is carried out on important data, and the digital twin background data model is established by comparison, verification and import with the background historical data of forest resources. Realize the digital, panoramic and real-world display of forestry resources. The second is "co-construction + sharing" to break through departmental data and information barriers. It has co-built and shared resources with a number of units in Zhejiang Province for more than 120 basic data tables in four categories, including environmental factors, forest factors, management factors and understory economy, opened up the big database of spatial governance, and built a "one map" of cross-departmental governance. The third is "scientific research + practicality" to build digital application scenarios. Carry out in-depth cooperation with a number of scientific research units and professional colleges and universities to carry out in-depth research on pest control, carbon storage and carbon sink, and economic development under the forest, and scientifically formulate scenario models.
Forestry application of culture and common wealth.
At present, the application of digital forestry has been continuously strengthened, which has provided a strong impetus for the development of forestry work, but the problems of large amount of forestry resource data, slow process of forestry digital construction, and unbalanced and insufficient development in China are still prominent. With the rapid development of the big data industry and the deep integration of high-tech and forestry industry, the deepening of forestry digitalization will continue, so in the development process of digital forestry, it is necessary to do a good job in industry supervision throughout the process, and carry out informatization evaluation, analysis and research on digital forestry work in a timely manner, so as to effectively improve the ecological, social and economic functions of forestry, so that China's forestry has always adhered to the road of sustainable development.
Written by |Meng Lingchun is a researcher at the Natural Resources and Landscape Research Department of Qingyan Group.
Edit |Chen Zexi.
* |Internet.