The Treaty of Xinqiao was an important treaty signed by the Qing Dynasty with foreign powers in 1901, and it was also an unequal treaty with the largest amount of reparations, the most serious loss of sovereignty, and the deepest spiritual humiliation in China's modern history, thus bringing unprecedented disasters to the Chinese people. This article will analyze the background, main content, and impact of the Xincho Treaty.
I. Background of the Xincho Treaty.
At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, China faced aggression and secession by foreign powers, and the country was in a state of chaos and chaos. In 1898, Kang Youwei, Liang Qichao and others launched the Wuxu Reform Law in an attempt to save the country from crisis through reform, but they were opposed by the conservatives of the Qing Dynasty and interfered by foreign powers, and finally failed. In 1900, the Boxer Rebellion broke out, and the people carried out fierce attacks on foreign invaders and missionaries, which led to the joint launch of the Eight-Nation Coalition War of Aggression against China. In the war, the Qing Dynasty's ** army was defeated and forced to sign the Xinchou Treaty with the foreign powers.
2. The main content of the Xincho Treaty.
The Treaty of Xinchou was signed by the Qing Dynasty with the Great Powers under extremely unfavorable conditions, and the treaty mainly included the following:
Indemnity: The Qing Dynasty ** compensated the Great Powers 4The compensation of 500 million taels ** will be paid in installments of 12 years at an annual interest rate of 4%, a total of 9800 million taels**.
Loss of sovereignty: The great powers gained the privileges of opening consulates, garrisoning troops, setting up courts, collecting customs duties, managing railways, mines, etc., in China, and China had to open its treaty ports to the foreign powers.
Mental humiliation: The Qing Dynasty must apologize to the foreign powers, promise to strictly prohibit the people from participating in anti-imperialist activities, and demolish the Dagu Fort.
Military occupation: The great powers sent troops to garrison Beijing, Tianjin, Shanhaiguan and other places to maintain law and order.
III. The Impact of the Xincho Treaty.
The signing of the Xinchou Treaty has caused great obstacles to China's social and economic development, which is manifested in the following aspects:
The reparations have increased the burden on the Chinese people, exacerbated poverty and backwardness, and hindered China's economic development.
The privileges of the great powers to open consulates, garrison troops, and set up courts in China have seriously undermined China's sovereignty and exacerbated the country's ** and chaos.
The stipulation strictly prohibiting the people from participating in anti-imperialist activities has deprived the Chinese people of the right to resist aggression and aggravated the humiliation and suffering of the national spirit.
The garrison of troops by the great powers in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanhaiguan and other places has greatly weakened China's military defense and exacerbated the crisis.
The Treaty of Xinqiao was an important treaty signed by the Qing Dynasty with foreign powers in 1901, and it was one of the unequal treaties with the largest amount of reparations, the most serious loss of sovereignty, and the deepest spiritual humiliation in modern Chinese history, bringing unprecedented disasters to the Chinese people.