In the sixth year of Jiajing, the thorny problem of the royal palace.
On October 16, the sixth year of Jiajing, the acting king Zhu Junzhu died of illness, triggering a large and complex prelude to a sacrificial ceremony. Due to the lack of sons-in-law, the eldest son of the concubine, Taishun King Zhu Chongd, was ordered to temporarily take care of the affairs of the government, and at the same time faced a headache - the temple of the Daifan could not find a suitable position to worship his father, the king of Daiyi.
The difference between an ancestral hall and a temple.
In the ancestral hall in the south, hundreds or thousands of tablets of the entire clan are densely arranged, but the ancestral hall is only a low-level version of the sacrificial place. In contrast, the temple is an orthodox, dedicated place of worship. The Ming Dynasty's vassal king's temple system made the vassal king need to worship the ancestor and Erzhao and Ermu in the temple, constituting the inheritance system of the five temples of the vassal king.
The evolving Jongmyo system.
The temple system, which originated in the Xia Dynasty, was developed in the Zhou Dynasty, forming the temple system of the Son of Heaven, the temple of the princes, and the temple of the family of the prince. This embodied the patriarchal system of superiority and inferiority, and stipulated the number of temples that could be built by each class. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, the feudal clan was the king, and the feudal clan was established. During the Hongwu period, the system of vassal kings and temples was formulated, and the system of five temples of princes was adopted.
The innovation of the ritual music system of the feudal kingdom.
With the establishment of the status of the vassal king in the early Ming Dynasty, the ritual music system of the vassal state was innovated. In the ninth year of Hongwu, the system of the temple of the feudal king was formally implemented, with the first king as the ancestor, and the ancestor and the two Zhao and the two Mu were worshipped, forming the system of the five temples of the feudal king. In this process, King Jingjiang became the pioneer of the temple system of the Ming Dynasty.
The question of the temple was raised.
The perfection of the temple system of the feudal kingdom also brought about the raising of the issue of the temple. The temple process includes two ceremonies, Ao and Y, which need to be passed down for six generations before the temple ceremony can be started. During this period, the Dai-vassal clan became the first feudal state to propose the temple system, and it took nearly 150 years for six generations of feudal kings to meet the requirements of the temple sacrifice.
The special status of the dai domain.
There are two reasons why the Daifan was able to propose the temple system for the first time. First of all, in the early Ming Dynasty, the vassal kings held military power and received great attention from the imperial court and the emperor. However, with the success of the feudal reduction, the status of the feudal lord gradually declined, and the imperial court's attention to the feudal king's temple decreased, creating an opportunity for the feudal lord to propose the temple system.
Controversies in sacrificial rituals.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, some vassal kings had disputes over the execution of sacrificial rituals. For example, the King of Qin confused the names of his mother-in-law and his biological mother when sacrificing his parents, which caused criticism from the imperial court. Similarly, when the king of Zhou built a palace and placed the god of Taizu, he was also severely reprimanded. This indicates that the power of the vassal kings was gradually limited in the early Ming Dynasty.
The long process of the temple problem.
Due to the time required for the temple to be passed down from generation to generation, the feudal clan only experienced four generations of feudal kings in the past 150 years, and it took six generations to meet the requirements of the temple sacrifices. In this long process, the Dai Fan became the founder of the temple system of the Ming Dynasty, and its special status was also vividly reflected in the sacrificial ceremony.
In general, the evolution of the temple system of the Ming Dynasty vassal kings went through a process from the initial stage to the perfection stage, and the dai feudal lords played a special role in it. The controversy over the sacrificial rites and the raising of the temple issue reflect the gradual restriction of the power of the vassal kings in the early Ming Dynasty. The establishment of this temple system provided the foundation for the later succession of vassal kings, and to a certain extent, it also reflected the control of the early Ming dynasty over the vassal kings.
The development of the Ming Dynasty vassal temple system is described in detail above, and this evolution reflects both the changes of the times and the special position of the vassal kings in the political landscape of the early Ming Dynasty. A comment of no less than 500 words will be made on this topic below.
First of all, the establishment and evolution of the Ming Dynasty's vassal temple system shows the adjustment and adaptation of the political system. During the Hongwu period, Ming Taizu's confirmation of the status of the vassal king and the policy of cutting the vassal were complementary. The establishment of the status of feudal kings gave them an important role in local administration, but the policy of reducing feudal lords also weakened the independence of feudal kings to a certain extent. In order to maintain the order of the system, the imperial court adopted the strategy of incorporating the vassal kings into the ritual system of the Ming Dynasty, among which the establishment of the feudal king's temple system is one of the manifestations. This process not only provided a means for the imperial court to consolidate its control over the vassal king, but also satisfied the vassal king's need for family inheritance to a certain extent.
Secondly, the evolution of the feudal king's temple system shows the special status of the feudal king in the family lineage. In the request for the temple system, the Dai Fan became the founder of the temple system of the Ming Dynasty. This special status was not only related to his power position in the early Ming Dynasty, but also reflected the importance that the vassal kings attached to family inheritance. On the one hand, the problem of the temple reflects the continuation of the lineage, and on the other hand, it also shows the concern of the dai clan about their own family status. This special position of the vassal kings in the Jongmyo system not only made them the stabilizers of the political order, but also made their position in the early Ming dynasty more complicated.
In addition, the controversy in the sacrificial rites highlights the mutual constraints between power and ritual. The controversy over the sacrificial rites of the vassal kings not only reflected a certain degree of autonomy in local affairs, but also highlighted the court's adherence to the ritual system. This controversy shows that there is a delicate balance between power and etiquette, and that the imperial court's insistence on etiquette is also aimed at consolidating the ruling order. The sacrificial behavior of the feudal lord was seen as a deviance from the ritual system, and the court's severe rebuke for this reflected the regime's adherence to the rules of etiquette, and also hinted at the subtle relationship between power and etiquette.
In general, the establishment and evolution of the Ming Dynasty vassal temple system, as well as its special position, provide us with profound historical enlightenment. This process not only reflects the adjustment of local power by the regime, but also reveals the mutual constraints between power and etiquette. At the same time, the special status of the dynasty in the temple system shows the complexity of the political situation in the early Ming Dynasty, which makes the historical picture more colorful.
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