In the face of serious natural disasters and sudden public events, the importance of emergency logistics system construction has become increasingly prominent, and how to use innovative technology to improve the level of emergency logistics has become a topic of general concern in the industry.
In recent years, emergencies such as the new crown epidemic and heavy rainstorms have repeatedly tested China's emergency system, and problems such as poor logistics operation and shortage of living materials have occurred frequently. How to further strengthen the construction of modern logistics system and promote the normalization of emergency logistics system, especially the use of innovative technology to improve the level of emergency logistics, has become a topic of concern in the industry.
Emergency logistics is in the spotlight
Emergency logistics refers to a special logistics activity that provides emergency support for the needs of materials, personnel and funds in response to serious natural disasters, public health emergencies, public security incidents and military conflicts, which can support rescue work, maintain the basic livelihood of people in disaster areas and provide emergency medical assistance. By operating efficiently, emergency logistics can minimize the negative impact of disasters on people's lives.
The importance of emergency logistics cannot be overstated. When an incident breaks out, a large number of emergency supplies such as urgently needed materials for prevention and control, daily necessities, and key production materials need to be uniformly deployed across the country and delivered in a timely and rapid manner. Especially in the epidemic prevention and control work, the production, procurement, deployment and production of key medical materials, as well as the daily materials to maintain production and life in the epidemic area, are very important.
China started relatively late in the construction and research of emergency logistics system, but has been working hard to promote and improve. As early as 2003, in order to promote the construction of "one case and three systems" for emergency management, the emergency logistics management system was gradually established, and a complete emergency logistics system has been initially formed after more than ten years of emergency logistics development and construction.
However, the outbreak of the new crown epidemic still exposed many shortcomings such as the poor operation of the emergency logistics system and the serious disconnection of the material chain. At the twelfth meeting of the Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, the general secretary stressed that it is necessary to improve the unified emergency material security system and take the emergency material security as an important part of the construction of the national emergency management system. Therefore, the three years of the outbreak of the epidemic have also become the three years in which emergency logistics has been highly valued and developed rapidly, and the country has started from strengthening the top-level design to study and plan to build an efficient and powerful emergency logistics system.
At the end of 2021, the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the Construction of a Modern Circulation System was released, which proposed in the part of "Strengthening the Construction of an Efficient Emergency Logistics System": "Enhance the social mobilization capacity of emergency logistics, establish an emergency logistics team with enterprises as the main body, improve the level-emergency conversion mechanism of logistics enterprises, strengthen cross-regional and cross-field emergency logistics coordination organizations, improve the ability to coordinate and mobilize emergency logistics resources, strengthen the construction of green transportation channels and material transfer stations during emergency periods, and ensure that emergency materials are deployed in a timely manner." ”
In 2022, the first five-year plan in the field of emergency management in China, the "14th Five-Year Plan" for the National Emergency Response System, was launched, which clearly stated that by 2025, "an emergency management system with Chinese characteristics with unified command, both special and regular, responsive and linkage between the upper and lower levels will be formed, and a national emergency response capacity system with unified leadership, consistent powers and responsibilities, authority and efficiency will be built." The plan also clearly proposes to "form a new pattern of emergency management of co-construction, co-governance and sharing" by 2035, and proposes to "deepen the emergency transportation linkage mechanism and implement emergency transportation safeguard measures for railways, highways and aviation." Relying on large-scale backbone logistics enterprises, we will coordinate the establishment of emergency transportation reserve forces covering various modes of transportation such as railways, highways, water transportation, and civil aviation, and give full play to the advantages of high-speed rail to build a rapid transportation system to ensure the rapid and efficient delivery of emergency resources for major disasters. ”
There are many obstacles that need to be overcome
The importance of emergency logistics construction and the determination of national development are self-evident, and the important thing is how to promote and implement relevant plans. In the view of Li Hanqing, a researcher at the Development Research Center, there are some weaknesses in China's emergency logistics system in terms of coordination mechanism, resource guarantee and service capacity.
Related problems have received widespread attention in the process of material logistics support for epidemic prevention and control, such as the implementation of strict traffic control in some areas for epidemic prevention and control, resulting in the poor operation of the logistics network for emergency materials. Emergency capacity deployment of relevant agencies, especiallyThe distribution and transfer processing capacity of emergency material transfer stations and the terminal distribution and distribution capacity are insufficient, resulting in the timely delivery, distribution and distribution of urgently needed materials for prevention and control. In addition, the demand for emergency materials and the demand for logistics services such as production, reserves, procurement**, and donations cannot be effectively shared, docked and matched with the emergency logistics supply information in a timely manner, resulting in the busy and inefficient logistics command and dispatch and operation of emergency materials in the early stage of the epidemic. Therefore, experts suggest that there is an urgent need to accelerate the construction of a modern logistics emergency system, especially the need to improve the emergency logistics working mechanism, reconstruct the layout of logistics elements, and strengthen the ability of rapid allocation of national emergency materials, and enhance the ability of strategic material transportation support and international logistics capacity of military and civilian convergence.
Emergency logistics command and management involves many aspects, when the epidemic, floods and other unexpected events break out, our country usually from the civil affairs, health, commerce, urban construction, transportation and other departments and the military, transfer personnel to form a temporary emergency office team to deal with, although the relevant forces can be quickly organized to form a joint force, better play a role in response, but due to the lack of unified management of permanent institutions, there are still many problems in practice. If various departments and agencies cannot effectively communicate and coordinate with each other, or even pass the buck to each other, it will be difficult for emergency logistics to achieve the expected goals.
Therefore,The construction of the emergency logistics command and operation mechanism has become the focus of the first breakthroughNot only should the state and local governments establish permanent emergency material management departments, but also establish a linkage response mechanism for close coordination and cooperation of various entities such as enterprises, the military, and grassroots community organizations before the disaster, and scientifically prepare for different public emergencies. At the same time, it is necessary to improve the establishment of a hierarchical response and guarantee system for emergency logistics, make overall use of national reserve resources and networks, give full play to the organizational and coordination capabilities and professional advantages of industry associations and backbone enterprises, and improve the rapid response and support capabilities of emergency logistics, including rapid operation and cold chain logistics.
Social forces actively participated
The experience of the epidemic shows that in the face of sudden huge material needs and uncertain unexpected factors, it is necessary to rely on the power of professional chain and logistics management. With the continuous growth of the scale and strength of social logistics, relevant enterprises have also begun to actively participate in the construction of the emergency logistics system. China not only has China State Railway Group, China Post Group, China COSCO Shipping Group and a number of large-scale, strong, and wide network of large-scale state-owned transport enterprises, with good conditions to undertake the national emergency logistics service guarantee, and to rookie, SF, Jingdong Logistics, etc. Intelligent logistics equipment represented by automatic sorting has highlighted its advantages in improving the efficiency and professional operation of emergency logistics.
For example, Cainiao combines its own advantages and capabilities to build a three-dimensional emergency logistics system, including disaster preparedness management, emergency transportation, and transfer and allocation, and unites all parties to respond to sudden disasters. In particular, during the epidemic period, Cainiao successively launched emergency distribution in Wuhan, Xi'an, Tianjin, Zhengzhou, Hangzhou and other cities, upgraded the epidemic prevention measures of Cainiao's business premises in the cities where the epidemic occurred, and gave priority to ensuring the distribution of anti-epidemic materials and civilian resources.
In recent years, JD.com has actively strengthened the construction of the emergency response system and built a road-air coordination network. Relying on its warehousing network, logistics capacity and technological advantages, Jingdong has gradually formed a nationwide emergency response systemThe seven regions of the country use local logistics facilities and equipment to link the headquarters to establish an emergency command mode with local characteristicsActively participate in the demonstration and construction of the national "road and air integration" three-dimensional transportation system, set out to build a trunk line-branch line-end "** UAV + general aviation logistics" system, and made a major breakthrough in regional logistics UAV and terminal express delivery UAV.
As early as 2020, the Rescue Coordination and Emergency Plan Management Bureau of the Ministry of Emergency Management signed an agreement with SF Group to establish an emergency logistics linkage mechanism to improve the logistics linkage capacity of disaster rescue equipment and disaster relief materials. According to the agreement, the two parties will use SF Group's air, railway, highway and other logistics means to ensure the timely delivery of emergency materials and equipment to the disaster area in accordance with the needs of rescue and disaster relief tasks. The two sides will also establish a 24-hour liaison system to strengthen working contacts and ensure that major emergencies can be handled at any time. Therefore, when natural disasters and epidemics occur, SF Express will activate the emergency plan as soon as possible, actively cooperate with the rescue and support work, and use drones and other advanced technology and equipment to deliver fresh vegetables, antigen reagents, emergency drugs and other materials.
New technologies help new developments
The participation of backbone logistics enterprises and innovative enterprises has provided new impetus for the technological upgrading of emergency logistics. Li Hanqing suggested that the innovation and application of emergency logistics technology should be strengthened. For example, the use of cloud computing and other advanced technologies to dynamically simulate the national emergency material transportation channels and vehicle organizations, improve the efficiency of emergency materials vehicle and cargo matching, and optimize the transportation organization;Innovate the organization mode of emergency logistics, adopt advanced transportation organization methods such as throw-and-hang transportation and pallet unit transportation, and realize connecting transportation in the transit parkFor emergency logistics dispatch needs in remote areas, drone delivery can be exploredInnovate and develop distribution terminal entities, promote intelligent delivery robots and intelligent express cabinets, and achieve "contactless delivery".Accelerate the combination with the construction of new infrastructure such as 5G, and promote the use of smart logistics equipment in emergency logistics.
In addition to infrastructure and hardware improvement, it is also necessary to further promote the application of information technologies such as the Internet, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, and 5G in the management of emergency logistics materials. Pang Yan, Dean of the School of Logistics and Transportation of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, said that through digital intelligence empowerment, the system efficiency of modern information technologies such as mobile Internet, big data, artificial intelligence, blockchain, Internet of Things, and 5G to build an efficient urban emergency logistics support system is an urgent need to ensure the normal life of the people, promote the stability of the industrial chain, and stabilize the economic fundamentals. The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the National Emergency System also specifically mentions the need to strengthen the construction of emergency communication and emergency management informatization, including the construction of a satellite communication management system based on Tiantong, Beidou, satellite Internet and other technologies, to achieve unified scheduling and comprehensive application of emergency communication satellite resources. Implement the smart emergency big data project, build the main data center in Beijing and the backup data center in Guiyang, upgrade the cloud computing platform for emergency management, strengthen the development and intelligent transformation of emergency management application systems, and build a "smart emergency brain".
In fact, as early as 2016, the Ministry of Transport's transportation comprehensive emergency command center was officially put into operation, with the basic conditions for the integration of transportation emergency command and coordination on the same platform. Therefore, industry experts also suggest that on the basis of the existing relevant network information platforms of all parties, relying on the transportation comprehensive emergency command center of the Ministry of Transport, efforts should be made to establish and improve information sharing, network docking and collaborative operation mechanisms and systems, and use the Internet of Things, blockchain, artificial intelligence and other new generation information technologies to build a shared and linked national emergency material logistics support big data platform, so as to realize the networking of public health emergencies close to the wartime national emergency material logistics demand response, capacity allocation, command and coordination. Digital and intelligent operation to improve the ability and efficiency of national emergency material logistics support.
As a system engineering, the construction of emergency logistics has a long way to go. How to build a national emergency logistics system of "emergency response in peacetime and response to war in wartime" and effectively enhance the logistics support capacity of national emergency materials for public health emergencies will become an important task for the country and the logistics industry in the future.
This article is from:Logistics Technology and Application, Issue 11, 2023
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