In the Spring Festival of 2024, most of the delicious crayfish on the tables of people across the country may come from Guigang City, Guangxi, where farmers have obtained a channel to get rich while ensuring that they can grow grain.
Xue Kaijie:When the late rice just blooms millet, the water of the field is drained and the field is dried, and the shrimp slowly burrows into the mud after the field, and the more the field is sunried, the more cracked the better, and then the more seedlings come out of the irrigation, as long as it is fed well, it is not difficult.
In December, Guangxi ended the last rice harvest of the year, and the vast rice fields in Nanmu Town, Guiping City, entered the idle stage in winter.
These crayfish that have just come out of the burrow are shrimp seedlings that are ready to be marketed around the Spring Festival in 2024. Due to the warm winter climate of Guangxi, taking advantage of the end of the rice planting period in the middle of the year, the "winter idle field" can start crayfish rotation farming, crayfish breeding in the opposite season from December to April 10 every year, and the end of crayfish farming after April 10 to start normal cultivation of rice, which is the new technology promoted by Guiping's aquatic technology promotion station to local rice farmers in the past two years.
Chen Shoufu:The main purpose is to increase the income of farmers, using the short autumn harvest to the next year's Qingming Festival to do one or two batches of crayfish farming in the next five months, a few months can harvest 6,000 yuan to 8,000 yuan of income (per mu), but also to ensure the safety of grain production.
In the past two years, a large number of farmers have voluntarily learned this new technology, and the area of rice and shrimp farming fields in Guiping City has reached 5930,000 acres. The new technology breaks the technical threshold, different from the previous difficult operation, farmers are easy to get started, only need to carry out simple leveling of the rice field, in the case of almost no transformation cost, you can realize the rotation of rice and crayfish, directly use the rice stalks left after harvest as a hidden shelter for crayfish, as well as the bait for early growth, control the change of water storage, with the local rich water resources and superior climate advantages, the quality of crayfish is even better than the main producing areas in China, the bottom plate is clean and fat. In addition, the mature market time of crayfish in the country is precisely the "window period" of the main domestic production areas, which has created considerable value for these crayfish from Guangxi.
Xue Weijian:Our crayfish are basically taken by plane, and there is no sales in Guangxi, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan, Chongqing, and the lowest ** shrimp is not less than 50 yuan a catty, six to nine yuan this year.
In February and March, the highest price was 86 yuan a catty, and more than 9.1 yuan was sold to 120 yuan a catty.
When the main domestic crayfish producing areas resume production, it happens to be the season of rice planting in Guangxi, such a time difference perfectly ensures that Guiping grain farmers can not only carry out normal grain production, but also have an excellent opportunity to increase income, and some farmers even achieved a yield of 13,000 yuan per mu. In fact, around 2019, Guigang City has promoted the rice and shrimp planting and breeding model in the city, but because of the high technical threshold adopted at that time, the farmers did not respond positively, after several years of technical adjustment and demonstration planting and breeding according to local conditions, until 2021, the situation has changed, and the enthusiasm of farmers has become high, and the winter idle field has become an income-increasing field, realizing the "100 catties of shrimp and 10000 catties of grain 10,000 yuan field".
In 2023, Guiping alone will have accumulated more than 9 million kilograms of finished crayfish, with a receivable of 54.3 billion yuan, and at the same time, it is expected that the annual output of high-quality rice in 2023 will be 2830,000 tons, with an output value of 1With 700 million yuan, Guiping still maintains the identity of Guangxi's largest grain production base. It is estimated that the area of rice and shrimp farming will develop to 150,000 mu in 2025.
What has changed the development situation of integrated rice and shrimp planting and breeding here is that the units in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Aquatic Products Extension Station and other units in the region have jointly tackled key problems with Zhejiang University, the team of academician Gui Jianfang of the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and other universities and institutes, aiming at the technical bottlenecks encountered in the industrialization process of rice and fishery ecological planting and breeding in Guangxi, exploring the principle of rice and fishery ecological planting and breeding, and developing the key technologies of rice and fishery ecological planting and breeding.
Professor Chen Xin began in 2015, every year in Guilin, Liuzhou and other places in the field to visit and investigate, and constantly adjust the technical program, recently, Professor Chen Xin in Guilin City, Quanzhou County aquatic technology extension personnel, to the farmer Xie Chongyue to collect fish fry information, he is in charge of 100 acres of rice field, the family has been in the rice field for generations to breed Hehua fish tradition, but now can develop to the scale of 100 acres of rice field, mainly benefit from the improvement of planting and breeding technology.
Xie Chongyue:To ensure that the quality is not worried, all aspects of the technology have aquatic engineers to guide, the more the fish are raised, the better, and the policy is getting better and better.
Jiang Jingyun:Originally, fish farming in rice fields was all dependent on farmersSelf-rearing and self-rearing breeding methods, with the development of the industry, the fish fry are seriously insufficient, in recent years, we have cooperated with many scientific institutes of science and technology, the establishment of factory nursery bases, the annual output has been greatly increased. In recent years, the output value has increased by more than 30%, and the output value has increased by more than 25%.
The ecological planting and breeding of rice and fishery in Quanzhou County is a microcosm of the northwest region of Guangxi, and the "Rice-Fish Complex System in the Mountainous Areas of Northwest Guangxi, Guangxi" has achieved a healthier inheritance and development under the empowerment of science and technology, and was listed as an important agricultural cultural heritage of China in 2022. It is also in the process of applying for listing on the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems.
Chen Xin:Some of the useful technologies and parameters that we have obtained from scientific research in universities can be quickly transformed through the technology promotion department, which we cannot do by relying on alone. This cooperation, there are universities, research institutes, aquatic technology extension stations, and then to the county-level grass-roots extension stations to form a (chain), so that you can quickly go to the field to communicate with farmers, guide farmers' production, and the efficiency is relatively high and smooth.
Through the close cooperation of scientific and technological personnel inside and outside the region, after experiencing the introduction of the original version of the technology and the situation of water and soil adaptation, the key technology of rice and fishery ecological planting and breeding and industrial application have taken root and developed in the fields of Guangxi, and the core of technology application is to use the characteristics of different aquatic animals to stabilize rice yield, increase the supply of high-quality aquatic products, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Through technology and model innovation, the green and coordinated development of the rice and fishery industry has been realized, and it has become an important measure to stabilize grain and increase income and revitalize rural areas.
From the beginning of the cooperation in 2015 to the present, the scientific and technological achievements are at the leading level of similar research in the world, 1 industry technical standard and 3 local standards have been issued, and 3 rice varieties have been screened. In 2022, the "Creation and Industrialization Application of Key Technologies for Rice and Fishery Ecological Planting and Breeding" won the Guangxi Science and Technology Cooperation Award.
Li Jianming:ThisIt is the first time that Guangxi fishery has won the provincial and ministerial science and technology award, and the progress of the fishery has been accelerated through cooperation, introduction, demonstration and promotion.