Hu Shuangqian,Senior technician of COMAC Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing, leader of the fitter group of CNC machining workshop, and chief fitter of China's first new large aircraft C919。In the past 40 years, hundreds of thousands of aircraft parts have been processed by him, and none of them have been produced. He is one of the heroes behind the scenes of making the domestic large aircraft C919 and regional aircraft ARJ21-700 soar in the blue skyAviation Craftsman”。On October 13, 2015, he was awarded the title of "National Model of Dedication and Dedication". In April 2016, he won the "National May Day Labor Medal".
In 1980, Hu Shuangqian, who had been fond of airplanes since he was a child, entered the Shanghai Aircraft Factory and personally participated in and witnessed the development and first flight of the Y-10 aircraft. In the early 80s of the 20th century, the Yun-10 project was launched, and the factories of China's aviation manufacturing elites were deserted in a blink of an eye. Together with his colleagues, Hu Shuangqian participated in the subcontract production of Sino-US cooperation in assembling McDonnell Douglas aircraft and Boeing and Airbus aircraft parts, and seized these opportunities to develop excellent technical skills. More than 20 years later, when China launched the ARJ21 new regional aircraft and large passenger aircraft development project, Hu Shuangqian's decades of accumulation and precipitation finally came into use.
Why is it better to be a fitter for an aircraft than an ordinary fitter?
There is a joke that says: The one who serves the plate on the ground is called a waiter, and the one who serves the plate in the sky is called a stewardess. Behind the joke is people's incomprehension of the different technical requirements brought about by the same type of work and different environments. So, what is the difference between the machine that "flies in the sky" and "runs on the ground" is also a fitter?
To be a fitter, even if the grinding parts are the same, the requirements are not the same. "One job, but two standards. "Running on the ground" requires good performance under normal conditions, but "flying in the sky" needs to withstand the test of drastic temperature changes, pressure changes and speed changes. Taking bolt holes as an example, the tolerance of civil bolt holes can reach 30 50 wires (1 wire is equal to 0.)01 mm), but the tolerance of the bolt hole for aerospace can only be within 2 wires.
"Flying in the sky" parts, not only high standards, but also in most cases are integrally formed, there is no room for secondary modification and remedy, once the parts deviate, the room for correction is very small, often can only be scrapped.
Someone once called me and said that it was a pity that the parts were scrapped, and their own factory could provide repair services to ensure that the appearance could not be seen. Hu Shuangqian said that the other party's ** is out of good intentions, but in the aviation industry, there is no difference in appearance, but the parts that actually fly "sick" are very harmful. "All the incoming materials have passed the quality inspection of the previous section, many times are made of special materials, the appearance may not be visible after the second repair, but the key indicators such as conductivity and hardness requirements may not stand the inspection, so it is better to throw away more than one million worth of scraps, but also to ensure the safety of the parts that 'fly in the sky'. ”
It is also under such strict requirements that when Hu Shuangqian uses a sieve gauge for bolt holes and other parts for quality inspection, he often knows that "it is not in the middle" as soon as he raises his hand, and "it is relatively smooth to put in, but it is not particularly smooth, needless to say, it must be qualified".
What is it like to be error-free for 36 years?
What kind of experience is x, it is a popular genre on the well-known online community "Zhihu". Hu Shuangqian, who has achieved "36 years without mistakes", what do you think of this?
Every part that passes through my hands is a living sign. Hu Shuangqian said that in the era when there was no visual modeling software, looking at the drawings and making complex parts was a great test of spatial imagination and hands-on ability.
In the C919 first large aircraft with millions of parts, 80% of them are designed and produced for the first time in China, which means that many times the materials and shapes of parts need to be constantly explored in order to get the optimal solution.
If you can't get the parts that you can't get accurate, you can find scraps with similar hardness materials to practice the "feel" again, and "run in" well, which position may be broken, which position may be overdone, and which position is difficult, which is answered one by one in such a simulation exercise.
It is precisely because of this practice that Hu Shuangqian has processed hundreds of thousands of aircraft parts in the past 36 spring and summer years, and has never had a defective product, and he can use his own skills to "metal carving", which is faster and better than modern machines.
What is it like to be an apprentice of a "great country craftsman"?
There are some luck, but there are some fears. Hu Shuangqian's "little apprentice" Gu Chunhua has been learning art for 7 years, what is it like to be an apprentice of a "great country craftsman", he has a lot to say.
The conditions are difficult and life is monotonous, and the production line is losing its charm for some young people. 11 years after graduating from the mechanical manufacturing major, Gu Chunhua is already the only one among dozens of college students who stays in the corresponding professional production line to work. "Some of the students feel that the front line is too hard, and some of them have not met a good master to guide the way, and gradually they have changed careers, if I didn't meet the master, maybe I really can't stick to today. ”
In 2009, Gu Chunhua changed from milling to fitter, from the original intermediate worker to junior worker, under the strict requirements of the new master Hu Shuangqian, it took two years to upgrade to the technical level of senior fitter.
Behind the speed of light improvement of skills is Hu Shuangqian's "no way out" rule. Gu Chunhua said that the company often prepares more materials for some complex parts, but the master generally "secretly does not tell us". It is in this kind of "no retreat" exercise that the mentality when making parts has become more cautious, careful and careful.
Inherit the "ingenuity" and cultivate craftsman talents.
Improving professional ability is one of the key requirements for cultivating craftsman talents. Hu Shuangqian put forward "high requirements" for the team members: marking, drilling, filing, reaming, tapping, sawing, grinding, piping, cold pressing, embossing, punching, riveting, calibration, bonding, gluing, ......Team members need to know everything about "eighteen kinds of martial arts". To this end, the team cultivates craftsmen with excellent professional quality through means such as "senior teachers leading apprentices", "new and old pairing", skill competitions, one post with multiple abilities, and job rotation.
Craftsmen also need excellent ideological quality. In this regard, the team adheres to the spirit of model workers and craftsmen as the core of the team talent training, gives full play to the radiation influence of "great country craftsmen", and improves the theoretical understanding of the spirit of model workers and craftsmen through special learning, dialogue and exchanges, on-site salons and other ways, and cultivates talents with "ingenuity". "Those who want to do things will be given opportunities, those who can be officers will be given the stage, and those who can do things will be rewarded", while improving the thinking and professional quality of craftsmen, the team also focuses on establishing a positive and encouraging talent construction atmosphere, so that team members have full space to give full play to their talents, so as to stimulate the vitality of positive team work.
Under such a training mechanism, many backbone workers have emerged in the team, each with their own characteristics and strengths. From the size of a fingernail to the size of a house, they can complete the processing, and all kinds of difficulties will be solved in their hands.
The group of CNC workshop fitters led by Hu Shuangqian, a great country craftsman, is a seemingly ordinary front-line team, but under the ingenuity inheritance of "great country craftsmen" and relying on scientific management methods, it has won many awards such as large aircraft lean demonstration team and lean on-site benchmarking. Their "unique skills" are:Four points "working method".
Slow down: Slow down, see the process requirements of the drawing, prepare tooling knives and drill measuring tools, and check the size and quality of the blank.
Be steady: stabilize processing, find out the key elements of parts, clamp parts correctly and securely, standardize the operation and start cautiously.
Fine: fine control, careful observation of the production process, self-inspection and review of the size of the parts, multiple processing until accurate.
Accurate: accurate size, accurate completion of each process, strict implementation of standard operations, to ensure that product defects are zero.
Hu Shuangqian said that the "craftsman spirit" is an effort to increase 99% to 9999% of the extreme, to inherit this spirit, not only to "pass on" young technicians, but also to stimulate their enthusiasm and initiative for innovation. Since 2014, Hu Shuangqian's "Great Country Craftsman" studio has completed 127 lean projects of various types within one year of its establishment, saving 6,832 hours of man-hours and 3.82 million yuan in costs for the company.