At the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, the five Central Asian countries were not willing to leave the Soviet system, and they did not want to see the Soviet Union disintegrate in their hearts. This is because the five Central Asian countries have never had the experience of independent statehood in their history, and they have become accustomed to living under the Soviet system. In addition, due to the weak infrastructure in Central Asia, the road to independence will be very difficult. Eventually, however, they were forced to declare their independence. After the independence of Central Asia, Kazakhstan became the largest country in the region, and it achieved relatively stable development, becoming one of the fastest growing countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Kazakhstan's first Nursultan Nazarbayev was a leader trained under the Soviet system. He had his own unique views on the collapse of the Soviet Union and also had a unique assessment of Gorbachev.
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Nazarbayev believed that none of the countries of the former Soviet Union could compete with the CPSU, but the Soviet Union eventually collapsed.
He believed that the main reason for the collapse of the Soviet Union was internal changes, when foreign "directors" gave Polotko, the first secretary of the Russian Communist Party, a proposal to establish the Russian Communist Party. The establishment of the Russian Communist Party dealt a serious psychological and organizational blow to the original system, especially on the political front.
Article 6 of the Constitution of the USSR provided for the ruling status of the Soviet Union, but with the amendment, the status of the Soviet Union ceased to exist. The collapse of the Soviet Union deprived the entire Soviet Union of the only political force capable of organizing and coordinating, and also deprived the entire Soviet society of its support, which had the ideals and goals for which it had fought for decades. The collapse of the Soviet Union weakened the national cohesion of the USSR.
Nazarbayev's evaluation of Gorbachev hit the nail on the head, and summed up three points.
Gorbachev's coming to power was a product of the changes of the times and an objective need of the time. However, Nazarbayev believes that Gorbachev did not carry out profound changes as planned, but only revised some of the internal political mechanisms and weakened the Cold War pattern in order to establish his historical position.
Nazarbayev's assessment is very accurate. In fact, he made a rejection of Gorbachev's "new thinking". At that time, the book was very popular in Western countries, earning Gorbachev a lot of money. However, Gorbachev did not know that this was actually a trick used by Western countries to fool him. These so-called new ideas are not actually innovative, and they are inconsistent and cannot be called theories at all.
Gorbachev made the second mistake by overestimating the sincerity of Western politicians, especially his own colleagues, the leaders of the member states. Nazarbayev also pointed out that Gorbachev lacked decisiveness on issues concerning the future and fate of the Soviet Union and did not carry out strategic planning for the development of the country. The West put forward one set of proposals, and the people in the Soviet Union gave him another, causing Gorbachev's policy to vacillate and easily shift from one extreme to the other.
Gorbachev tried to compromise and mediate among different factions, trying to achieve ideological unity, and even trying to resolve irreconcilable contradictions. However, this is clearly not possible. Nazarbayev said it was incomprehensible that Goeh had included the irreconcilable opposition into his camp, leading to himself being a person who was not supported by both the left and the right, and was even betrayed by those close to him.
Gorbachev really faced this problem at that time, he had contradictions within the USSR and did not stand on the side of the CPSU, but wavered, which ultimately led to the weakening of the position of the CPSU.
Gorbachev's indecision became the root cause of the weakness and dereliction of duty of the Soviet power apparatus, and this character made him indifferent to the existence of the Soviet Union, ethnic conflicts, and other things, so he bore unshirkable responsibility for the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Nazarbayev said that Gorbachev was called the "midwife" of the collapse of the Soviet Union. It is said that not only Nazarbayev made this assessment, but also the Soviet top brass generally held the same view.
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Gorbachev has repeatedly defended his assessments, and even today he does not recognize his responsibility for the collapse of the Soviet Union. On July 5, 1994, at a hearing in the Russian parliament on the establishment of the CIS in 1991, Gorbachev said: "The collapse of the Soviet Union was the result of other people's political mistakes, not the reforms he promoted. ”
At the meeting, Gorbachev praised Yeltsin for leading parliamentarians in declaring Russia's independence from the Soviet Union in 1990 when he was the speaker of the Russian parliament. Subsequently, the Soviet hardliners staged a coup d'état in August 1991, which dealt a fatal blow to the Soviet Union and eventually led to the inevitable collapse of the Soviet Union.
Gorbachev was simply shirking responsibility, and if he hadn't connived with Yeltsin, such a problem would not have happened. Moreover, the Soviet "8The 19 events "themselves were intended to prevent the collapse of the Soviet Union, yet Goeth took the opposite attitude.
Gorbachev also defended that he had been given Yeltsin's plan to declare the collapse of the Soviet Union and create the Commonwealth of Independent States in the fall of 1991.
Gorbachev and former Soviet Speaker Lukyanov had different views on this. Lukyanov believed that the collapse of the Soviet Union was not due to significant reasons, but to Gorbachev's inaction. He pointed out that at that time, with a little action by Gorbachev, Yeltsin, Kravchuk and Shushkievich could easily prevent Yeltsin, Kravchuk and Shushkievich from signing the December 1991 CIS treaty. If Gorbachev had acted, the three men would have no choice but to flee abroad.
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Even more ironically, Gorbachev had already evaluated Russian reforms in September 1993, arguing that Yeltsin's reforms had failed. He pointed out that Russia had lost its political direction since 1992 and that Yeltsin's chosen path was not really the way to ensure the success of reforms. Gorbachev's remarks were seen as a big joke by the outside world, as people questioned whether Gorbachev himself had succeeded
Nazarbayev's assessment of Gorbachev is accurate and shows his ability as a sober leader. The development of Kazakhstan is inseparable from the correct leadership of Nursultan Nazarbayev. A leader with a clear mind, a clear idea of national governance, and the ability to lead the people to prosperity will surely win the support and support of the people. Gorbachev, by contrast, was rarely well received. There are even Russian Duma deputies calling for a trial of Gorbachev for the crimes of the disintegration of the USSR.
The Soviet Union has become a thing of the past, and even if Gorbachev is sentenced to death or indefinitely, the Soviet Union can no longer go back.