For clinicians, departments are specialized subdivisions. There are two main periods for the selection of departments:The first is to choose a tutor for graduate school entrance examination, the research direction of the supervisor also determines the direction of the department; The second is regular training, the department where the training is located is basically the work department.
It is best for medical students to carefully follow the teachers of each department to familiarize themselves with the department during the senior Xi, so as to determine their own interest department, and in the fifth year, they can choose the corresponding major naturally, and seize all the time to start preparing for graduate school as soon as possible. But it should be noted that on the basis of your own choice,There is also the possibility of departments being transferred and replacedSex. In general, departments may be transferred within their secondary disciplines due to full staffing, especially in internal medicine and surgery. Each department has its own characteristics in terms of professionalism, salary, operation duration, work intensity, etc., and the selection should be carried out carefully based on their own interests and characteristics. Here are a few suggestions for students, but the most important thing is: inOn the premise of hobbies, choose the one that suits you best!! After all, the major chosen this time is very likely to be a lifetime of drip and nonsense, just go straight to dry goods
Internal medicine or surgery
First, let's take a look at this formula:
Internal Medicine Clinical thinking is extremely important Writing endless medical histories Long ward rounds
Surgery, hands-on ability is extremely important, and I suffer from endless scolding, lengthy surgeries, and surgical costs
Of course, both formulas are for young doctors, and sooner or later the physician will have to get out of the stage of writing a medical history, and the surgeon will not be scolded endlessly! So. Choose according to your preference.
But one thing is for sure, clinical thinking and hands-on ability can be cultivated. It is rumored that the salary of a surgeon will always be 1 of that of an internist at the same stage5 times, this sentence is quite reasonable, the surgeon's "surgery fee" is Zhengda Guangming's hard-earned money, of course, there are people who get some "surgery fee" in addition to the operation fee, it is not just 15 times more.
"Long ward rounds".There is another layer of meaning: you never know when the senior doctor will start the ward rounds, and the senior doctors who like to start the ward rounds at 12 noon or 5 p.m. are always silently there, existing, existing....
"Lengthy surgery".There are several other meanings: you can't eat at any time when you're hungry, you can't drink water at any time when you're thirsty, you can't urinate at any time, you can't sit down and rest at any time when you're tired, and the consequences of the long run are bad stomach, constipation, varicose veins in the lower limbs...
The Department of Internal and Surgical Affairs is also a "professional department".
Don't just think that your tutor is from a medical and surgical discipline (such as cardiology, thoracic surgery), and you will only learn the knowledge of that department!
In fact, KoeResearch graduate students basically do not learn Xi clinical knowledge and skills, and clinical graduate students have to rotate between major internal medicine and major surgery。In other words, the department you choose has nothing to do with what you want to Xi in the future.
Moreover, don't think that which department you choose is a mentor, which department you will work in for the rest of your life, and it is very likely that you will go to other departments when looking for a job, from this point of view aloneIf you choose to choose major internal medicine or major surgery, you will have more freedom to change departments in the future.
The clinical department is also an auxiliary department
Ancillary departments include:Anesthesiology, Imaging, Laboratory Medicine, PathologyWait. The advantage of them is that they do not come into contact with patients, that is, they do not come into contact with "rotten patients", "rotten family members", "medical troubles", and there is less risk of being cut (can this be said).
In the eyes of some people, this is actually a disadvantage, after all, there is no way to compare with clinical professions in terms of income! But when you want to get an easy job, when you can get to and from work on time, and when you want to spend more time with your family (in case of family disharmony or withdrawn children), then choosing an auxiliary department is a good choice.
Departments are selected according to gender
Surgery is not recommended for female students。Of course, many girls still insist on choosing surgery because they are "female men" or have strong hands-on ability. ”
If you really think clearly, remind again: "I often work overtime until ** o'clock or even later on the day of surgery, is this really good for my child?" ”
After thinking about these two questions, let's answer: "Are you really sure that you will be promoted faster than male doctors?" "When you think about all these issues, then congratulations, you can choose obstetrics and gynecology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, pediatric surgery, breast surgery, of course, major surgery is not recommended.
Characteristics of each department
Great Internal Medicine
The departments of internal medicine mainly include cardiology, respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, endocrinology, hematology, neurology, etc.
Department of Cardiology,The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine is a clinical department set up by the Department of Internal Medicine of hospitals at all levels for the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, including angina, hypertension, sudden death, arrhythmia, heart failure, premature beats, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular diseases. The profession is the most difficult to understand, the emergency department is more serious, and the promotion is more difficult, but the salary is higher, the probability of saving lives is high, and the sense of achievement is high; Respiratory MedicineStarted in the Department of Internal Medicine, it has inherited the strengths of the Department of Internal Medicine and the excellent quality of simplicity and progress, and has formed a wealth of professional characteristics in the rapidly developing medical field. The condition is complex, the risk of infection is high, there are many emergencies on night shifts, the winter and spring seasons are busier than usual, and the promotion is more difficult, and the salary depends on the specific hospital; GastroenterologyIt is a clinical discipline that studies esophageal, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder and pancreas diseasesThere are many kinds of gastroenterology diseases, a wide range of medical knowledge, and complex and delicate operations. There are many kinds of diseases, and the pressure of learning Xi is greater, among which ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) has radiation, which is easy to get frozen shoulder, but the treatment is considerable; Department of EndocrinologyIt is the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, obesity, osteoporosis, gout, lipid metabolism disorders, thyroid, pituitary, adrenal, gonadal, parathyroid and other diseases. Night shifts have fewer emergencies and are relatively relaxed, but the pay is average; HematologyA separate sub-discipline of the medical discipline that focuses on blood and hematopoietic tissues, the blood system is mainly composed of hematopoietic tissues and blood, while hematologic diseases refer to diseases that are primary (e.g. leukemia) or mainly involve (e.g. iron deficiency anemia) blood and hematopoietic tissues and organs. There are many critical diseases, long hospitalization cycles, daily bone marrow aspiration, high psychological pressure, and low sense of achievement; NeurologyIt is a secondary discipline about neurology. Cerebrovascular disease is the mainstay, especially stroke patients, and most of them are unable to **, have a low sense of achievement, and have many emergency departments, but their income is high.
Major surgery
Major surgery includes general surgery, cardiothoracic surgery, neurosurgery, hepatobiliary surgery, anorectal surgery, orthopedics, urology, etc.
General Surgery,It can be said to be the most important surgery, and diseases such as thyroid, breast, gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and hernia are all covered, so the demand is even greater. In addition, it is also popular for general surgery doctors to transfer to obstetrics and gynecology. Orthopedics,In addition to general surgery, the second largest department, most hospitals rely on orthopedics for profit. During surgery, it is often necessary to manually fix the patient's thighs and arms, which requires high height and physical fitness of the doctor. Some hospitals are divided into subspecialties such as upper limbs, lower limbs, tumors, and spine, and salaries are rising gradually, but in terms of demand, the lower limbs are in the greatest demand. Overall, there are more orthopedic emergency patients and fewer critically ill patients, and the sense of accomplishment is high. Urology, urology, is the primary diagnosis and **urinary system"Surgery"Some of the diseases of the hospital department, mainly ** various urological diseases. Responsible for all kinds of urethral stones, kidney stones, kidney and bladder tumors, usually minimally invasive surgery, more relaxed, higher sense of achievement, considerable income, but less demand. Cardiothoracic surgerySome hospitals are divided into cardiac surgery and thoracic surgery. Cardiac surgery mainly treats congenital heart disease, aortic dissection, valvular heart disease, etc., but it may overlap with the main diseases of cardiology, and the requirements for academic qualifications are high and the demand is less. Thoracic surgery mainly treats esophagus, lungs, mediastinum, and also involves diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract such as cardia and stomach. These departments have a high barrier to entry due to their long operating time and high risk. The work and rest are irregular, and the income is also considerable. Neurosurgery, which studies the injury, inflammation, tumors, deformities, and certain inherited metabolic disorders or dysfunctional diseases of the human nervous system, such as the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system, as well as its related ancillary organs, such as the skull, scalp, cerebrovascular meninges, and other structures. Physicians have a long Xi and high professional requirements. The operation takes a long time, has high risks, and requires high physical fitness and perseverance from the doctor, but the income is considerable. Hepatobiliary surgeryThe Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery mainly studies major diseases that seriously threaten the health of Chinese people, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatobiliary stones, post-hepatitis cirrhosis and acute liver failure caused by severe hepatitis. The operation time is long and difficult, and special attention should be paid to the postoperative operation, as the effect may not be ideal, and the doctor is required to have a strong psychological quality. ProctologyIt is a department specializing in the study of constipation, anal fissure, anal fistula, abscess, stenosis, anal papilla hypertrophy, perianal eczema, mixed hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, and external hemorrhoids. The operation is relatively simple, the time is short, the emergency surgery is few, the critical patient is fewer, the course of the disease is faster, and the benefit is high. At the same time, the topic is high and the atmosphere is relaxed. Obstetrics and gynecology
Male Surgery, Female Internal Medicine, Exhausting Obstetrics and Gynecology. The work intensity of obstetrics and gynecology is high, and the income is in the middle and upper class, although it is more tiring, and there are more night shifts, which is similar to surgery, it is not the most tiring surgery (compared to parenteral), and it is not easy (compared to the nail breast). In the tertiary hospitals in the urban area, the salary is still okay.
It is a diagnosis and treatment subject of medical institutions, a subspecialty of obstetrics and gynecology, and a professional department focusing on the diagnosis and treatment of female diseases, which is divided into Western medicine and Chinese medicine. Diseases of the female reproductive system are ** diseases, including ** diseases, ** diseases, uterine diseases, fallopian tube diseases, ovarian diseases, etc., and the surgery is easy to use; Obstetrics, obstetrics inpatient population is mainly maternal and neonatal, is a special group of people, most of the mothers are healthy and no primary disease of young women, but at the same time is a high-risk group of nosocomial infection, and neonatal immunity is low, is also a high-risk group of nosocomial infection. The night shift is busier, the work intensity is high, and there are more risks and disputes. Obstetrics and gynecology are in high demand, and the market development prospects are considerable. Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology stands for "Ophthalmology" and is the study of diseases that occur in the visual system, including the eyeball and its associated tissues. The Department of Ophthalmology generally studies a variety of ophthalmic diseases such as vitreous and retinal diseases, optometry, glaucoma and optic neuropathy, cataracts, etc. The actual demand is not large, but private eye hospitals will recruit many ophthalmology graduate students. Ophthalmologists need to be very close to the patient during the examination or **, so they need to take extra precautions. In general, night shifts are relatively relaxed, emergencies are rare, the risk is low, and the sense of accomplishment is strong. Ophthalmologists have a medium income, and they belong to a small department in an ordinary general hospital, and their income is not high to be honest. If you go to a specialized hospital, the income is very high, and it is a real golden ophthalmology, but there is a lot of competition.
Otolaryngology
Otorhinolaryngology: There are many minor operations on the ear, nose and throat, which can generally be solved in an ordinary disposal room. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery is a middle-income hospital, and hospitals with more surgeries will earn even more. 6 Pediatrics
Pediatrics is a comprehensive medical science that comprehensively studies the physical and mental development, health care and disease prevention and treatment of children. All health and hygiene issues related to childhood and adolescence fall under the purview of paediatrics. It is difficult for pediatric patients to communicate, parents are prone to tension, and it is easy to have doctor-patient conflicts. In addition, pediatrics tends to be task-heavy and less effective, so doctors are less likely to voluntarily enter pediatrics. **BranchMedicine is a medical discipline concerned with the promotion of persons with disabilities and patients, and more specifically, a medical discipline that applies the prevention, diagnosis and assessment, training and treatment of functional impairments for the purpose of doing so. **Department is the "gym" of patients in the hospital, which is more marginal in the hospital department, mainly responsible for the exercise and rehabilitation of patients with neurological injuries, musculoskeletal diseases, pain**, etc. Auxiliary departmentsThe auxiliary departments mainly include laboratory department, imaging department, pathology department, electrocardiogram department, color ultrasound department, etc. The advantage is that there is less overtime and free time. The disadvantage is that there is less room for development and a low sense of achievement.
Emergency DepartmentThe emergency department is the department with the largest concentration of severe patients, the most diseases, and the heaviest rescue and management tasks in the hospital, and it is the only way for all emergency patients to be admitted. Recognized as the most tiring and busiest department. Doctors need to have strong communication skills, judgment, physical and mental endurance. And there are a lot of night shifts, a large number of patients, and little rest time.
Department of AnesthesiologyEnsuring that patients undergo surgery smoothly and safely is a basic task of anesthesiology, but this is only part of the work of modern anesthesiology. The department with one of the highest risk index has high work intensity, heavy psychological burden, and is prone to high blood pressure. And the success of the operation is often attributed to surgery, and if there is an accident, it is often attributed to anesthesia. Treatment is linked to the volume of surgeries.
In general, different departments have different style characteristics. It is necessary to combine their own interests, characteristics and the fit between departments in order to have a more sustainable and long-term development. 