Get in touch with nature
In late autumn, friends who have been to Tachuan in Hongcun, Anhui Province, are all amazed by its picturesque beauty. The Hui-style architecture with white walls and black tiles, coupled with colorful and tall black trees, is like an ink painting with light and dark colors. In the early morning, Hongcun Tachuan is covered with a layer of mist, and under the illumination of the sun, it looms, as if you are in a fairyland. In the evening, when the sun sets, smoke wafts from the rooftops, adding to the vibrancy of the tranquil village.
The combination of black trees, sunlight, white walls and black tiles and cooking smoke is perfect to create this beautiful picture, in which the black trees play an important role in putting the finishing touch. If you change to another time to Hongcun Tachuan, this scene will be much inferior. The black tree is the most beautiful native tree species in late autumn unique to our country, which is said to be poisonous and abandoned by urban gardens
In the past, it was a common tree species in rural areas in the south, and it could be found everywhere in front of houses, behind houses, and in fields. I don't know when it began, maybe I knew that the black tree was poisonous, most of it was cut down, and what was left was just scattered solitary plants. On the contrary, urban gardens and streets are admired as autumn landscape trees, and more and more are planted, and there is no such thing as abandonment.
It is a unique native tree species in China, mainly distributed in the south. It has been cultivated for more than 1,400 years. Regarding the origin of its name, there are two explanations in Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica":"Wujiu, Wu likes to eat his son, because he is ...... by nameOr cloud, its wood is old, and the root is black and rotten into a mortar, so it gets this name. ”Later generations added a wooden character next to the mortar character.
There are not many people who know about the black tree, and even if they meet, they can't name it. It is a deciduous tree of the Euphorbiaceae family, also known as Euphorbiaceae, Cinnamomum chinensis, Cinnamomum chinensis, Cinnamomum sinensis, Cinnamomum chin
The tree can reach a height of more than 15 meters, and the bark is dark gray with vertical cracks;The branches spread out very widely, with skin pores;The leaves are rhomboid-ovate, or peach-shaped, with clear veins, and the young leaves are light green in spring and gradually turn dark green in summerAutumn is the most colorful, with yellow, green and red on the same tree.
6 Blooms in July, the flowers are unisexual, no petals, the racemes are pale yellow hanging or erect spikes, because the color is not bright enough and inconspicuous, like a little girl's head tied in a small braid, swaying from side to side with the breeze. Interestingly, the whole inflorescence has male flowers on the top and female flowers on the bottom, and the female flowers bear fruit after the male flowers fall off.
The fruit is pear-shaped spherical, the shell is black after the initial green is ripe, it is naturally cracked, divided into three petals, revealing the white fruit seeds, the white embellishments of the late autumn leaves fall all over the tree like a blooming plum blossom, a gust of autumn rain will knock these fruit seeds down, and the remaining vicissitudes of life and vigorous branches enter hibernation, and recuperate for the next year's eventful years.
As a landscape tree in autumn, it is not inferior to the maple tree, or even better. In ancient times, there was the praise of "black tree red in maple, garden in February". It has a well-developed taproot, strong wind resistance, rapid growth, and can enter the flowering and fruiting stage in 3 years. It has the characteristics of not being arrogant and easy to manage, which is not only heat-resistant, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, barren-resistant, but also has a long lifeUp to 100 years.
The canopy of the tree is beautiful, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, and the fruits are abundant, and the branches, leaves, and fruits all have ornamental value. There are many branches, and the old branches are tortuous and vigorous, full of the sense of vicissitudes of the story. Autumn leaves are the most brilliant, after frost, the color is not consistent, some are pure red, like bright red maple leaves;Some are so yellow that there is no trace of flaws, like bright yellow ginkgo biloba;Others still retain their summer greenery。I thought it was the most beautiful tree in autumn.
The beauty of the black tree can be called the swan song of autumn, which makes people look at it for ten thousand years. Countless literati and writers were shocked by its colorfulness and left many well-known poems. Especially the poets of the Song Dynasty had a soft spot for black trees.
It existed as early as the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties"The twilight of the shrike flies, and the wind blows the black tree"A good sentence circulated. Many poems by Lu You in the Song Dynasty all mention the black tree, such as"The black tree covers the mountain road, and the red fern is full of wild ponds", "The black tree is forbidden to worry, and the number of leaves is red. ", the sound of the rain is made, and the black tree leaves are cold".After the black tree leaves turn red after frost, the late autumn artistic conception of the forest is carved into the wood, and at the same time, the lonely cold of early winter is also vividly on the paper.
Xin Qiji"Hand planted the black tree in front of the door, and now a thousand feet of green".Send out the emotion that time flies and the years are like weaving. Separately"Drunk, I forgot where I came, and asked the pedestrians where they lived. Only look for the ancient temple side, and cross the black tree in the south of the river."Leisurely.
Yang Wanli also wrote:"The old dyer of the black tree was born and mistakenly made iron soap scarlet. ”Lin and Jing's"The black tree at the peak of the scarf, the slight frost has not fallen and has been red".It also depicts the black tree as a Jiangnan ink painting. Qing Dynasty Ling Tingkan"The black tree is cold-tolerant, and once the frost letter becomes a pill",It praises the excellent quality of the black tree that is not afraid of the cold.
Li Yu of the Qing Dynasty recorded in "Idle Love"."The wood takes the leaves as the flowers, and the maple and the tree are also. The red of the maple and the red of the tree are the strongest autumn colors. ”The maple and the tree are equally divided, and I think that although the poem compares its leaves to autumn flowers, it does not write the charm and charm of the black tree.
It contains a substance called black saic acid, which has a certain toxicity to the human bodyIncluding fruits, leaves, bark, rhizomes. The juice can cause allergies when it comes into contact with the skin, and in severe cases, it will produce redness, swelling and erosionEating the fruit may cause symptoms such as abdominal pain and dizziness.
As the old saying goes"It's a medicine that is three parts poison".The bark, roots, leaves, and fruits of the tree can be used in medicine. It has the effect of diluting water and reducing swelling, detoxifying and dissipating stasis, and relieving itching. "Illustrated Examination of Plant Names" records:"Wujiu wood, Tang Materia Medica. It is commonly called the wood tree, and the oil is squeezed, and the benefits are very good. Root solution water reckless poison, effective. ”
Due to the tall and stout shape of the black cypress tree, the wood yield is high, and the wood is light, it is not easy to crackIt becomes a very high-quality processed wood. It is often used by artists as a raw material for carving;It is also commonly used to process water scoops, soup spoons, wine spoons and other daily necessities of ordinary people's homes.
In ancient times the black cypress leaf was listed as one of the main dyeing plantsOr it can be dyed into a black-gray series, or it can be mixed with other plants to get more other colors. Yang Wanli called it an "old dyer", which shows that the frequency of its appearance in the dyeing workshop is very high.
Its kernel is attached to a white waxy substance called "skin oil", which has a high oil contentIt can be used to extract oil, also known as "green oil" or "green oil". Like the inks commonly used in the past, this oil is needed. In addition it isMake high-quality soaps, wax paper, candles, paints, lubes, etc.
The black tree is not as flamboyant as the maple leaf, warm but heavy, like the rouge in a landscape painting. Isn't the black tree leaf a portrayal of a person's life?The more you experience, the more colorful it becomes. From autumn to winter, chlorophyll slowly decomposes, and the leaves gradually change from green to yellow, orange, red, and ochre. Then let go of everything and return to the earth without hesitation, dashing and graceful.