Laser cladding technology is an emerging additive manufacturing technology, which is widely used in aviation, aerospace, medical, biotechnology, automobile manufacturing and other fields. The laser cladding process has a great impact on the size and shape of the molded part, so it is important to control the forming process properly. In this paper, the laser cladding forming and shaping control processes such as single-layer scanning path and z-axis lifting are studied, and the influence of scanning path on the temperature field is analyzed by numerical simulation method, and experimental verification is carried out.
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The laser power is 1000W, the scanning speed is 5mm s, and the powder feeding rate is 015g min, scanning spacing 1Under the condition of 5mm and matrix size of 40 mm 30 mm 7mm, the maximum temperature of the melt pool at the co-cladding boundary is about 300 lower than that of the reverse cladding, and the maximum temperature of the melt pool at the boundary of the opposite side cladding is about 500 lower than that of the same side cladding. The experimental results show that the melt pool temperature and the characteristics of the cladding layer under different scanning paths are more moderate and stable, and the surface flatness of the cladding layer is higher, and the experimental results are basically consistent with the best results.
The amount of defocus and the amount of z-axis lift are important factors affecting laser cladding forming. In this paper, a coaxial powder distribution model of laser cladding powder is constructed based on probability, and the formula for calculating the cladding height under different defocusing amounts is obtained and verified by experiments. In addition, a method for calculating the height of thin-walled multi-layer cladding under arbitrary negative defocus and z-axis lift is proposed and experimentally verified. These calculation methods can provide guidance for the selection of laser cladding process parameters in actual production.
Finally, the three-dimensional solid forming experiment of 316L stainless steel solid parts was carried out. The results show that the 316L stainless steel laser cladding solid forming can be improved by selecting the process parameters according to the conformal process selection method proposed in this paper, which can improve the dimensional accuracy and surface flatness of the molded parts, and improve the forming quality as a whole. In summary, this paper conducts an in-depth study on the laser cladding forming control process, and verifies the influence of the single-layer scanning path on the temperature field, the influence of defocusing and z-axis lifting on the laser cladding forming through numerical simulation and experiments. These research results provide guidance for the selection of laser cladding process parameters in actual production, and have important theoretical and practical significance. Stainless steel 316L