01.What is the Great Revolution
The Great Revolution refers to the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people against imperialism and feudalism from 1924 to 1927 under the cooperative leadership of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party. However, on April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek openly launched a counter-revolutionary coup d'état, known as the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup, which broke down the first KMT-CCP cooperation, and on July 15, 1927, Wang Jingwei also launched a counter-revolutionary coup d'état in the Wuhan area, which led to the defeat of the Great Revolution.
The Great Revolution of 1924-1927 swept through China like a surging torrent. This is an unprecedented revolution, with the masses of workers and peasants as the main body, with the participation of the national bourgeoisie and the upper petty bourgeoisie, demonstrating the great strength of the Chinese people in unity and struggle. The scale and form of this revolution was very different from that of the Xinhai Revolution, and its impact was far-reaching and long-lasting, shaking the world.
02.The historical background in which the Revolution took place
With the support of the CCP, Dr. Sun Yat-sen reinterpreted the Three People's Principles in 1924 and convened the First National Congress of the Kuomintang. This meeting marked the beginning of the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and gave impetus to the rapid development of the revolution. Under the leadership of the National Revolutionary Army, the Chinese workers and peasants set off a revolutionary upsurge on a nationwide scale.
However, with the rapid development of the revolutionary situation, imperialism intensified its interference in the Chinese revolution, while the right wing of the Kuomintang conspired with imperialism in an attempt to usurp the leadership of the revolution. Internally, the CCP has also emerged as Chen Duxiu's right-leaning capitulationism, blindly seeking compromise and concession.
After the conclusion of the Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the crisis in the area under the jurisdiction of Wuhan National** became more and more serious. At this critical moment, Xia Douyin led his troops to attack the paper mill near Wuchang, trying to take advantage of the fire to loot and seize the fruits of the revolution. At the same time, Zhu Peide carried out a purge of the party in Jiangxi, hunting down and killing communists and revolutionary masses. For a time, China's leading situation has changed abruptly and is facing a severe test.
03.What happened
On May 17, 1927, the Tiger Xia Douyin of the 14th Independent Division was stationed in Yichang, and then he led his troops to approach the paper mill near Wuchang. On May 21, Xu Kexiang, the commander of the 33rd Regiment of the 35th Army in Changsha, pounced on the workers' pickets like a wolf, took away their **, and brutally killed more than 100 Communist Party members and revolutionaries, an event known in history as the "Ma-Ri Incident".
Then, Zhu Peide, chairman of Jiangxi Province and commander-in-chief of the Fifth Front Army, expelled a large number of communists and Kuomintang leftists from Jiangxi on June 6 in the name of "sending them out of the country as gifts." Like the bitter cold of winter, he began to ruthlessly shut down the revolutionary groups and arrest the leaders of the workers and peasants. At this point, the Wuhan people led by Wang Jingwei and the people of Wuhan have completely gone reactionary, and their perverse actions have plunged the whole country into deep darkness.
Faced with this situation, the Comintern and the CCP** still regarded Wang Ching-wei as a leftist of the Kuomintang and hoped to solve the problem through compromise. However, Borodin, Chen Duxiu, and others underestimated the development of the situation and the enemy's conspiracy, and continued to fantasize about a peaceful solution through compromise. In such a situation, the Chinese Communist Party must make a quick decision, or face a catastrophe.
In the end, the CCP decided to abandon the policy of compromise and concession and implement a resolute counterattack. Politically, he put forward the slogans of "Down with Chiang Kai-shek" and "Abolish the rule of the Kuomintang";In terms of organization, a special committee was established, with *** as the secretary, responsible for leading the daily work. At the same time, an independent regiment headed by Ye Ting and an officer training regiment of the Fourth Army with Ye Ting as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy were formed as the vanguard of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries.
04.Reasons for failure
In general, the reasons for the failure of the Revolution were several:
The first is the reason for the creation of a revolutionary united front. During the Revolution, although the forces of different classes were united, the independence of the Party was not maintained, resulting in defections and setbacks at critical moments. Therefore, in the future revolutionary struggles, the Party needs to always maintain its independence, implement the principle of "unity and struggle," and strive for the leadership of the proletariat in the revolution.
The second is the reason for armed struggle and army building. An important reason for the failure of the Great Revolution was the lack of an army under the direct command and command of the Party. In the future revolutionary struggle, the Party needs to intensify the armed struggle and form an army that can be directly under the command of the Party to ensure the victory of the revolution.
The second is the cause of the problems of the masses of the people. The Great Revolution failed to fully mobilize and mobilize the peasants to participate in the revolution, so in the future struggle, the Party needed to solve the peasant land question in order to fully mobilize the peasants to participate in the revolution and expand the revolutionary forces.
Finally, there are reasons for party building. Although the Party developed rapidly during the period of the Great Revolution, it still faced the problems of immature organization and insufficient quality of Party members. Therefore, the party needs to strengthen its own building and strengthen the party's democratic centralism, not only to pay attention to the development of party organizations and the number of party members, but also to consolidate the party's organizations and improve the quality of party members.
05.Historical influences
In this great revolution, the heroic struggle of the Chinese people was vividly displayed. They were not afraid of a strong enemy, fearless of hardships and dangers, and with firm conviction and fearless courage, they dealt a heavy blow to the imperialist forces in China and terrified these once invincible aggressors. At the same time, they basically overthrew the reactionary rule of the Beiyang warlords and cleared the way for China's progress.
This great revolution was not only a political and military struggle, but also an emancipation of the mind. The idea of democratic revolution has spread unprecedentedly throughout the country, awakening the national consciousness of countless Chinese. They began to recognize their own strength and began to fight for their rights and dignity. This revolution has stimulated the awakening of the broad masses of Chinese people and promoted the progress of Chinese society.
Now, when we look back on this great revolution, we should remember history and cherish peace. We should inherit and carry forward the spirit of the revolutionary martyrs and strive for China's prosperity and strength.
06.Summary:
After this incident, the Communist Party of China has become more soberly aware of the arduousness and complexity of the revolutionary struggle, and has also more profoundly realized that only by closely uniting all forces that can be united can it defeat the enemies at home and abroad and push the revolution forward continuously.
In short, the experience of the defeat of the Great Revolution is a valuable experience that the Communist Party of China has learned in practice, which has laid the foundation for the subsequent victory of the Chinese revolution and provided important enlightenment and reference for future revolutionary work. By summing up the lessons of failure, the Communist Party of China was able to better lead the Chinese revolutionary cause to success.