"The experimental field where I am now is located is the screening field of individual mutated breeding materials of cabbage from the cabbage team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and there are thousands of breeding materials. This is to further select the most resistant varieties on the basis of cabbage 628, and further improve the level on the basis of the full localization of cabbage. ”
On November 27, at the experimental base of Ulanqab Academician Workstation, Guan Huiming introduced the cultivation of new varieties of cabbage through the Douyin platform.
Guan Huiming, a national advanced worker, a model worker in the autonomous region, a model in northern Xinjiang, a promotion researcher of the Ulanqab New Technology Development Service Center, and the head of the Ulanqab Cold Vegetable Academician Workstation.
As a key participant in the "stuck neck" technology of China's cold vegetable seed industry, Guan Huiming told reporters
In previous years, almost all of the vegetable seeds we ate on a daily basis, such as tomatoes, kale, carrots, broccoli, and spinach, were foreign. Imported cold vegetable seeds, an average of seven or eight hundred yuan per acre of seeds. ”
Since we have our own seeds, let's take Zhonggan 628 as an example, the seeds of one acre of land only cost 75 yuan. We have screened and cultivated Zhonggan 628 series varieties, and completed the demonstration and promotion across the country, with an annual planting area of more than 1 million mu. ”
My dream is to localize improved varieties, promote green technology to the whole country, and install 'Chinese cores' on cold vegetables. ”
Seeds are the "chips" of agriculture, and only by making greater efforts and making greater efforts on "one seed" can we hold China's rice bowl more firmly.
In recent years, Inner Mongolia has made great efforts to write a good article on the seed industry, keeping pace with the times to breed new seeds, make improved seeds, and promote excellent seeds, and continue to innovate and break through the revitalization of the seed industry.
There are strategic considerations of food security behind the revitalization of the seed industry.
In the breeding greenhouse of the Sunflower Technology Research Institute in Wuyuan County, Bayannur City, technician Chang Min is carefully observing the growth of sunflower seedlings.
Chang Min told reporters: "These seedlings are our experimental sunflower hybrid varieties, from the collection and research of seed resources, inbred line breeding, combination selection to hybrid seed production, the cultivation of a new variety takes a long process." ”
As the main sunflower producing area, Bayannur City has vigorously promoted the seed industry innovation and revitalization project in recent years, and the research and development capacity of the sunflower seed industry has been continuously improved. The hybrid sunflower seeds represented by SH363 and SH361, which are led by Sanrui Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., have completely broken the monopoly of Meikui on China's sunflower seed industry and achieved a comprehensive catch-up of independent seeds.
Chen Haijun, secretary-general of the Inner Mongolia Sunflower Association, said in an interview, "The new self-developed varieties have made breakthroughs in terms of yield, resistance, and commerciality, and the planting income is on average 10 to 15 percent higher than that of foreign seeds, and the price of seeds of the same specification is two-thirds lower than that of imported seeds." Based on the calculation of 4 million mu of sunflower planting in Bayannur City, the annual cost of seeds is saved by 400 million to 500 million yuan. ”
At the symposium on variety registration convened by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, representatives from Bayannur City said that China's independent research and development of sunflower seeds in the domestic market share has reached more than 95%, and the sunflower seed industry has been occupied by international seeds for a long time in one fell swoop - from more than 95% of foreign accounts for more than 10 years ago to more than 95% of domestic accounts, realizing independent research and development, independent production, independent controllability of sunflower seeds, and "playing a beautiful turnaround" for the revitalization of China's seed industry.
In the early autumn of this year, the Tongliao Agricultural Technology Extension Center carried out an on-site observation of "Watching Grass Selection" in Dongsheng Village, Liaohe Town, and displayed 60 corn varieties on the spot.
Ma Zhongchen, a large corn grower in Liaohe Town, has been facing the problem of "planting land every year, and it is difficult to select seeds every year". In 2022, our district will closely focus on food security, focus on major food crops, build 60 platforms for "watching and selecting seeds" in the region, and accelerate the promotion of high-quality varieties through the way of "fighting in the ring".
There are so many varieties on the market that it is dizzying. We want to choose good varieties, but we don't know which variety is better. With the platform of 'Kanhe Selection', we have seen the performance of the varieties with our own eyes, and we can directly contact the dealers if there are varieties in the picture, which really helps the growers solve a big problem. Ma Zhongchen said.
The platform is connected to scientific research and production at one end, and enterprises and farmers at the other. Through the "selection of seeds", we can realize the "selection of seeds", build a bridge for the docking of agricultural enterprises, and help farmers reduce the risk of trial planting.
The Autonomous Region Corn Seed Industry Technology Innovation Center, led by the Tongliao Institute of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, is one of the first five autonomous region seed industry technology innovation centers launched in the autonomous region's "Science and Technology Rejuvenation of Mongolia" action.
The center focuses on the major scientific and technological needs of the development of the maize industry in the autonomous region, carries out scientific research and technical research, breeds and promotes a number of new maize varieties such as TK601, Jingke 2179, Chongxing 117, and Chongxing 118, effectively breaking through the problem of "stuck neck" in corn provenance.
Corn is one of the four major staple foods in China, and the innovation of corn seed industry has helped to increase production and income. Through the use of new maize varieties and supporting green and efficient integration technologies, the average yield of low-yield fields in Tongliao City has reached 850 kilograms, and the yield of high-yield fields has exceeded 1,000 kilograms for two consecutive years.
In the golden autumn season, Chifeng City Bahrain Left Banner corn harvest. In the planting demonstration base of the corn yield improvement project in the fifth accumulated temperate zone of Fuhe Town, a harvester is busy running, corn cobs are picked and shelled in one go, and an ear of corn cobs with full grains and golden color pours out, and soon fills the grain truck.
Wang Xin, a villager from Wulanba Village, stared at the golden corn and the grain trucks coming and going, and said excitedly, looking at the fruits of three or four months of hard work, he was really happy. This year, his income from 28 acres of corn land can reach 70,000 yuan.
At the other end of the demonstration base, the staff of the Bahrain Left Banner Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Bureau and the experts of the science and technology mission were busy measuring the average yield increase per mu, and finally wrote down the measurement results of "402 kg per mu per mu" on the "corn field actual harvest measurement table".
Seeds are the "source" to ensure national food security and high-quality agricultural development. Grasping China's seeds and stabilizing China's rice bowl, Inner Mongolia has been making unremitting efforts on the road to the revitalization of the seed industry.
Behind the revitalization of the seed industry is the strong impetus of scientific and technological innovation.
Ulanhot City, "Baili Xing'an Rice Sea", north of the uprising Lelit, passing through Ulan Hada, south to Gegen Temple. Every harvest season, the golden rice fields along the way are endless, the rice waves are rolling, and the rice fragrance is bursting, which is beautiful.
In this field of hope, the Xing'an League's modern agricultural science and technology park for rice breeding, breeding, breeding, and breeding, led by Academician Yuan Longping of the Xing'an League, is striving to load the "Xing'an core" of high-quality and high-yield rice for the "foreign grain" in the "Chinese bowl".
Rice cultivation has a history of more than 100 years in Hung Yen League, and this cold land has endowed rice growth with many favorable factors - fertile land, clear river water, clean air, and the most suitable temperature difference.
On October 16, 2018, Academician Yuan Longping personally led the scientific research team to Xing'an League to inspect the rice industry in the alpine region, and the Academician Yuan Longping Workstation was formally established.
Zhang Yuzhu, Pei Youliang, Liu Jianbing and Fu Baike, four experts from Yuan Longping's Academician Workstation, came to Xing'an League together to carry out scientific and technological offensive actions, began to breed in the south and north of Tiannan, Haibei, and lived a life like "migratory birds".
From Xing'an League to Changsha and then to Sanya, repeatedly shuttling in the experimental field, racing against time in the research institute, four experts led the scientific research team to greatly shorten the time of rice breeding, and the "Menglong" series of rice varieties with good quality, high resistance and high yield were launched, becoming the core of "Xing'an League Rice".
Since the establishment of the station, Academician Yuan Longping Workstation has carried out a number of researches on the breeding and cultivation technology mode of high-quality and efficient northern cold rice, saline-alkali tolerant rice, and new dryland rice varieties, completed the cultivation of 13 new rice lines with stable phenotype and high generation, introduced the international leading "third-generation hybrid rice breeding technology", and cultivated the "1189" Represented by a series of new high-quality saline-alkali tolerant rice strains, more than 10 varieties suitable for rice drought production have been screened, laying a solid talent and technical foundation for the high-quality development of the rice industry in Xing'an League.
We must continue to do a good job in the promotion of new high-yielding and high-quality rice varieties such as Xingjing No. 5, actively target the leading enterprises in the inoculation industry, and strive to build Xing'an League into a high-quality rice provenance production base and key technology output base. Wang Shigang, director of Yuan Longping workstation, said.
The revitalization of the seed industry, science and technology first. Inner Mongolia has tried to find ways and make practical moves to accelerate the scientific and technological innovation of the seed industry. On March 31, 2022, the Department of Science and Technology of the Autonomous Region released the list of major demonstration projects of seed industry scientific and technological innovation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and selected scientific research teams nationwide to solve major scientific and technological problems in the development of seed industry in our region.
Different from the autonomous region's technical research category of the "unveiling the leader" project of the "enterprise problem, the first list" model, the seed industry revitalization "unveiling the leader" project implements the "first problem" and "enterprises, experts joint problem" combination of the list mechanism, fully mobilize the relevant departments, industry leaders and leading enterprises, jointly analyze the difficulties and blocking points of the development of the seed industry, put forward the major needs of scientific and technological innovation in the seed industry, the industrial demand is clearer, the technical direction is more focused, and the research goals are more targeted.
As long as you provide me with good varieties, I will not be cowardly. When it comes to planting potatoes, Guo Wenyuan, head of the 10,000-mu fertile land cooperative in Siziwangqi, Ulanchabu City, is full of confidence. Different from previous years, since the launch of the "Unveiling the Leader" project, part of the potatoes harvested by his family have been marketed, and the other part has been sold as the original seed.
Because of potatoes, Guo Wenyuan and Liu Guangjing, deputy general manager of Inner Mongolia Sino-Canadian Agricultural Biotechnology, became acquainted. Liu Guangjing is nicknamed the potato matchmaker by Guo Wenyuan, because he can always find the best two from the piles of potatoes, and then genetically pair them to breed better offspring. Through this germplasm selection, the quality of Guo Wenyuan's potatoes has been significantly improved, and they have been sold to Shanghai, Sanya, Shenzhen and other places in the high-end market.
From seed potato R&D and cultivation, multiplication and production to industrial promotion, a good potato is refined. Liu Guangjing said with emotion. Liu Guangjing, whose hometown is in Shenyang, came to Inner Mongolia after graduating from graduate school and plunged into the fields to deal with potatoes for the first year. His Inner Mongolia Sino-Canadian Agricultural Biotechnology Co., Ltd. has the largest breeding team of new potato varieties in China, and in their experimental greenhouse, potato plants are thriving under the careful care of scientific researchers.
As the unveiling party of the project of "Potato Excellent Germplasm Innovation and New Variety Breeding", the Inner Mongolia Potato Seed Industry Science and Technology Innovation Consortium is led by Inner Mongolia Sino-Canadian Agricultural Biotechnology, and jointly built by 15 scientific research institutes, universities, technology promotion departments and enterprises such as China Agricultural University and Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, which has brought new impetus to Liu Guangjing and his friends.
To breed a good variety, we must first have excellent germplasm resources, and the germplasm resource bank has been established through the 'Unveiling and Commanding Project', which has a great role in promoting the breeding of new varieties in the future. Liu Guangjing said. Next, he and his teammates will study the self-bred high-yield, drought-resistant, disease-resistant, and moth-resistant potato varieties for processing, and carry out multiplication production, adjust the local potato planting structure, improve the processing and transformation capacity, and effectively improve the supply quality and comprehensive benefits of the potato industry.
Scientific and technological innovation is the key to the revitalization of the seed industry. On the road to the revitalization of the seed industry, Inner Mongolia has continuously strengthened the research on germplasm resources and breeding technology, supported breeding innovation, and steadily improved the level of improved seeds, so as to improve the production efficiency and quality of agricultural and livestock products, and provide more support for ensuring national food security and the effective supply of important agricultural and livestock products.
Behind the revitalization of the seed industry, there is a strong drive for industrial development.
In early July, more than 20 large harvesters lined up in the shape of geese in the Horqin Sandy Land of Kailu County, Tongliao City, opening the prelude to a bumper harvest in this barren land that year.
The seeds of the Chinese branch of L. chinensis are harvested. This kind of L. chinensis is developed by the team of the Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which is cold-tolerant, drought-resistant, and has strong stress resistance and adaptability, and is very suitable for sowing in the land of Kailu County, which has problems such as severe desertification, high salinity, and rampant poisonous grass.
In 2019, Du Yongbin came to Kailu County from Beijing and invested more than 5 million yuan to plant more than 3,800 acres of sheep grass. At that time, at a glance, there were either white flowers or yellow semi-sandy land, but now, everywhere is lush and green. From time to time, hares, foxes, etc., jump out of the grass to surprise people.
I came here for ecological governance, and I also know that the benefits of this project are very good. Du Yongbin and Liu Hui, an engineer from the Zhongke Sheep Grass team, are old acquaintances and are well aware of the ecological and economic value of Sheep Grass. In jargon, Zhongke Sheep Grass is "one seed, two grass", and the net income per mu can reach 1,000 yuan and 1,500 yuan.
Sheep grass, horses, cattle and sheep can be eaten. Most of my grass can be sold at the beginning of the year, and the customer pays a deposit in advance and pulls it back after it grows. Merchants are all over the country, such as Shaanxi, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc. Speaking of the sheep grass market, Du Yongbin introduced.
The grass industry is a powerful lever to promote the development of animal husbandry. Our town insists on planting for breeding, and is currently striving to build a 'sheep grass town' to promote the quality and upgrading of animal husbandry in the whole region and even the whole country with high-quality pasture. Yuan Qingfei, deputy secretary and mayor of Xiaojieji Town, Kailu County, said.
At the end of July, a bumper harvest was also ushered in on the Hetao Plain in western Inner Mongolia. The golden wheat swayed gently in the wind, and waves of wheat spread out in the wheat field.
This year, I planted 340 acres of 'Bamai No. 13', which can increase the yield by about 120 catties compared with commonly used wheat seeds, and is also very suitable for interplanting. Hao Cunlin, chairman of the Wuyuan County Quanshun Farmer Professional Cooperative, said. This year, Hao Cunlin also mobilized seven large planters to plant "Bamai No. 13" with him, with each planting 20 to 50 acres.
Bayannur City has an area of 1372 cultivated land590,000 mu, of which 4.84 million mu is saline-alkali land. The "Bamai No. 13", which was jointly bred by Bayannur Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Research Institute and Inner Mongolia Zhaofeng Wheat Industrialization Research Institute, is planted with the biggest feature of salt and alkali tolerance.
"Bamai No. 13" is a high-quality cooked wheat variety with high content of nutrients, especially calcium and magnesium, and performs well in terms of processing and eating quality.
This year, our company received an order for 15,000 acres of 'Bamai No. 13', which is equivalent to about 7,500 tons, which is mainly used to process our company's highest-grade snowflake powder. The biggest feature of 'Bamai No. 13' is its translucency, and the steamed dumplings can be visually seen inside, which has always been favored by consumers. Liu Yong, deputy general manager of Hengfeng Group, said.
In Bayannur, wheat straw will not be wasted. Wheat straw can be returned to the field to improve saline land, or it can be used as fodder for cattle.
Xu Yi Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd. bought a lot of wheat straw this year. "We develop our own cattle and feed for them, and cows, like children, eat 'grains' to grow strong. Zhang Jixin, general manager of Xuyi Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., said when talking about the reason why the company bought wheat straw.
In the cattle shed of Xu Yi Animal Husbandry, a big cow with a physique that is obviously beyond the usual cattle is eating "cereals", which is a new breed developed by the company in conjunction with Inner Mongolia University, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Sciences and other units by the Belgian blue cattle and Holstein cattle.
This kind of cattle is currently being tested for population stability, and it has the dual characteristics of Holstein cattle with a large skeleton and good quality of Belgian orchid beef, which will become a powerful tool for the company and farmers to increase their income in the future. "The research and development of new varieties is a long process, but Zhang Jixin is full of confidence in the prospects of this new variety.
From strategic considerations, to the promotion of science and technology, industrial development, China's seed industry is achieving a breakthrough from following and running to leading, and the seed industry "China Core" is bringing "core" hope and injecting "core" kinetic energy into the modernization of agriculture and animal husbandry.
*: Inner Mongolia Learning Platform.
Editor: Sha Zhiyuan.
Editor: Zhao Zongjie.
Final review: Li Enguang.
Director: Zhao Huiru.