[Summary of Views].
China will open up to the outside world on a larger scale, in a wider range of fields and at a deeper level.
Since the beginning of this year, China has introduced a package of policies that have effectively promoted the orderly and free flow of international and domestic factors, the efficient allocation of resources, and the deep integration of markets.
At present, opportunities and challenges coexist in China's high-level opening-up.
Under the trend of global economic integration, China can take four measures to improve the level of open economy.
High-level opening-up is shaping new advantages for high-quality development. The recently held ** economic work conference clearly stated that "we must insist on relying on reform and opening up to enhance the endogenous driving force of development, promote in-depth reform and high-level opening up as a whole, and constantly liberate and develop social productive forces, stimulate and enhance social vitality."
At present, what is the significance of high-level opening up to the outside world to China's economic development?What are the opportunities and challenges facing China's high-level opening up?Under the trend of global integration, how should we promote high-level opening up?
A few days ago, Jin Ruiting, director and researcher of the Institute of Foreign Economic Research of the National Development and Reform Commission, said that at present, the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are developing in depth, and the international balance of power is deeply adjusted. In order to win the advantage, win the initiative, and win the future, we must implement a more proactive strategy of opening up, build a new system of a higher-level open economy, and promote the implementation of a higher level of opening up to the outside world.
We will open up to the outside world on a larger scale, in a wider range of fields and at a deeper level.
This year's ** economic work conference deployed nine key tasks, and "expanding high-level opening up" was listed among them. Jin Ruiting said that from the content of the meeting, three major signals were transmitted:
First, China will open up to the outside world on a larger scale. By speeding up the construction of highlands such as free pilot zones and free ports, we will guide the coastal and inland areas to open up to each other and develop in a coordinated manner, accelerate the formation of a new pattern of land and sea linkage at home and abroad, and east-west two-way opening-up, and promote China and more developing countries to achieve mutual benefit and win-win results. Recently, the establishment of the 22nd Xinjiang Pilot Free Trade Zone was approved, marking that China has basically formed a new pattern of all-round opening up in the east, west, north, south and middle.
Second, China will open up to the outside world in a wider range of fields. We will further relax market access and promote the opening up of the service industry, especially in the fields of telecommunications and medical care, which will provide greater market opportunities and development space for global investors.
Third, China will open up to the outside world at a deeper level. Agreements such as the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Digital Economy Partnership Agreement (DEPA) are leading new trends in international economic and trade rules. China will take the initiative to connect with high-standard international economic and trade rules in the fields of goods, digital, intellectual property, procurement, and "post-border" management systems, take the lead in carrying out stress tests in areas with conditions, and promote the formation of more pilot experiences that can be replicated and promoted, so as to explore new paths and accumulate new experience for comprehensively deepening reform and expanding opening up. Recently, the state has made it clear that the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone will build a national institutional opening demonstration zone.
Jin Ruiting stressed that opening up to the outside world is China's basic national policy, and no matter how the international situation changes, China's door to opening up will only open wider and wider, the business environment will get better and better, the ties with the world economy will become closer and closer, and the breadth and depth of mutual benefit and win-win results with other countries will continue to expand.
Multi-dimensional data shows the achievements of China's high-level opening-up.
In the face of profound changes in the international and domestic situation, relying on the huge market potential, stable development environment, and favorable development policies, China has introduced a package of highly targeted and high-value policies around the upgrading of goods, the opening of services, and digital innovation.
In this regard, Jin Ruiting said that these policies have effectively promoted the orderly and free flow of international and domestic factors, the efficient allocation of resources, and the deep integration of the market, which not only develops itself, but also benefits the world. Specifically, 3 35% of the performance.
The three 5% are reflected in three aspects: First, the quality and efficiency of goods have been steadily improved. From 2013 to 2022, China's import and export volume of goods reached a new high, from 4$16 trillion to $630 trillion US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of more than 5%;The international market share has increased from 110% to 125%, and its first-class exports and imports accounted for the international market share of6%。
Second, the actual utilization of foreign capital has continued to grow. From 2013 to 2022, China's actual utilization of foreign capital increased from 1239$100 million to 1891US$300 million, with an average annual growth rate of about 5%, attracting foreign direct investment flows to account for 84% to 146%, ranking second in the world for many years. Jin Ruiting said that it is worth noting that China has announced that it will fully cancel the restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, support more foreign investors to choose China, invest in China, and share the dividends of China's development.
Third, the quantity and quality of overseas direct investment have risen. Between 2013 and 2022, China's outward FDI flows increased from 1,078$400 million to $1631200 million US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of more than 5%;China's outward FDI flows account for 7 percent of the world's total6% to 109%, ranking second in the world, and ranking among the top three in the world for 11 consecutive yearsThe share of the stock of OFDI in the world increased from 2.6% to 69%, rising from 11th to 3rd.
1 6% is reflected in the development of the service ** bright spots. From 2013 to 2022, the import and export volume of China's services has continued to increase, from 5396$400 million to $8891100 million US dollars, with an average annual growth rate of more than 6%, has ranked second in the world for 9 consecutive years since 2014. Since 2012, China has held the China International Service Fair, issued the first negative list of cross-border services applicable to Hainan Free Port in 2021, promoted the introduction of the national version and the pilot free trade zone version of the negative list of cross-border services, and upgraded and built a national service innovation and development demonstration zone on the basis of comprehensively deepening the pilot project of service innovation and development.
1 35% is reflected in the fruitful results of international cooperation. China's free zone promotion strategy has achieved a new breakthrough, and 22 free trade agreements have been signed with 29 countries and regions, and the proportion of free trade partners in China's total foreign trade has reached about 35%. In addition, the Belt and Road Initiative has made solid progress, and more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations have signed cooperation documents on the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become the world's most popular international public good.
Comprehensively raise the level of open economy.
In the face of the trend of global economic integration, how can China further optimize the structure of opening up to the outside world and improve the level of open economy?
First, we will steadily expand the opening up of rules, regulations, management, standards and other institutions. We will actively benchmark high-standard international economic and trade rules, give full play to the pioneering role of free pilot zones and free ports, and form a number of replicable and popularized experiences in terms of rule docking, rule innovation, and rule openness, so as to create a new highland of opening up with a higher level of openness, a better business environment, and a stronger radiation effect.
At the same time, we will implement the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with high quality, take the initiative to connect with the rules of high-level free agreements such as CPTPP and DEPA, deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises, digital economy, intellectual property rights, procurement and other fields, and continuously improve the level of China's global factor resource allocation.
Second, it will deepen the reform of the investment system and mechanism. It will promote the optimization and upgrading of goods, optimize the structure, actively expand imports, consolidate the industrial foundation for development, and continuously enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign countries. At the same time, it will promote the innovation and development of services, promote knowledge-intensive services, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of service outsourcing, innovate the development mechanism of services, and comprehensively deepen the pilot of innovation and development of services. We will rationally reduce the negative list for foreign investment access, fully remove the restrictions on foreign investment access in the manufacturing sector, and jointly build an open world economy.
Third, a new golden decade of high-quality Belt and Road cooperation. At present, the Belt and Road Initiative has entered a new stage of high-quality development, and we will continue to adhere to the principles of extensive consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits, uphold the concept of openness, green and integrity, achieve the goals of high standards, sustainability and people's livelihood, deepen pragmatic cooperation in the economic and trade fields, improve the level of smooth access, promote "hard connectivity" of infrastructure, "soft connectivity" of rules and standards, and achieve "heart-to-heart connectivity" with the people of the countries we jointly build.
Fourth, high-level participation in global economic governance. Actively implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative and the Global Civilization Initiative, and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind. We will promote the G20 and APEC and other mechanisms to play a better role, deeply participate in the cooperation of BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, promote international macroeconomic policy coordination, and earnestly maintain a diversified and stable international economic pattern and economic and trade relations.
In the next step, opening up to the outside world still faces multiple challenges. Jin Ruiting believes that there are mainly the following three aspects:
First, in terms of the external environment, affected by the sluggish recovery of the world economy and geopolitical conflicts, some countries have politicized, prioritized and pan-securitized economic and trade issues, and continued to strengthen restrictions on economic and trade cooperation with China under the pretext of "de-risking", which has had an adverse impact on China's promotion of high-level opening up.
Second, in terms of institutional mechanisms, the main contradictions in China's society are changing, and there are still many hard bones to gnaw on in the reform of key areas and key links, especially the institutional opening up that actively benchmarks international high-standard rules, and there are still some difficulties and pain points.
Third, in terms of uncertain risks, in the process of promoting high-level opening-up, it is necessary to solve some major problems to ensure the reliable security of food, energy, and industrial chains and prevent financial risks.
*: People's Daily Online).