With the increase of orchard planting years and the improper use of management methods, the problem of fruit tree rot disease is becoming more and more serious, which makes fruit farmers pay great efforts and efforts for this.
Fruit tree rot, also known as rotten skin disease and stinky skin disease, is a disease that occurs worldwide. The disease mainly affects the branches of fruit trees, and the initial symptoms are not noticeable, but as the disease progresses, the surface of the branches appears as dark brown to reddish-brown moist spots or yellow-brown dry spots. The diseased cortex eventually decays and dies, and is reddish-brown and wet rot, with a distiller's lees smell. In the later stage of the disease, the diseased part loses water and shrinks, and small black-brown dots appear on the surface, which becomes the source of reinfection. In addition, the fruit may also be infected, with dark red round or irregularly shaped lesions with clear edges that are easy to peel.
Fruit tree rot disease is mainly caused by the subphylum Ascomycetes, which overwinter in the mycelium and immature fruiting bodies of fruit trees. Onset begins in April of the following year, peaks in late May and June, and then slows down when temperatures rise.
In September, there was another peak of incidia, and the bacterium mainly formed conidia in the spring. The germs invade through wounds or skin holes, and the incubation period is about one month. After the fruit tree enters the fruiting period, rot disease begins to occur, and the fruit will consume a lot of nutrients year after year, and if the nutrients are insufficient, it is easy to cause diseases.
Fruit trees need loose and breathable soil, and if the root system is in thick, sticky soil for a long time, the gas exchange needs of the tree cannot be satisfied, which can easily lead to the invasion of pathogens and cause rot disease.
If fruit trees lack sufficient nutrients in the planting process, especially the lack of nutrients in the root system, it is easy to lead to the occurrence of root rot and dry rot, which is more difficult.
Irrigation of orchards may cause water to invade the ground, squeeze out the air in the soil, make the roots unable to breathe, and prolonged flooding will cause the roots to suffocate and die, which in turn will aggravate the occurrence of rot disease.
When using drugs in fruit trees, if the method is not determined according to various factors such as weather, pesticide composition, and fruit tree status, it may lead to excessive toxicity of trace elements in pesticides and cause fruit tree rot disease.
Rotting bacteria mainly invade through various wounds, especially wounds with dead tissue. Frostbite, sunburns, insect wounds, and pruning injuries all provide a route for germs to invade.
Trunk ring rot: mostly occurs.
Five- and six-year-old young trees, the onset time is in early May, and the initial appearance is a small oil spot with the main trunk 50 cm above the ground.
Dry rot: Highly recessive, often difficult to detect without careful inspection.
Stem rot: It mostly occurs at the front of the branches, is difficult to identify in winter, and can only be detected after the apple tree has budded and flowered.
Spray twice a year twice a year to apply the prevention work, timely detection of lesions and timely scraping. For stem rot, remove the diseased part and protect the wound, apply a high-quality protectant.
Mud control: Mix well with fresh soil and apply it to the scars of fruit trees, wrap them firmly to prevent water evaporation and soil peeling. After one year, the effective rate can reach more than 90%.
Tree protection: prevention of frost damage and sun burn, protection of large saw edges, application of varnish or antimicrobial agents. When pruning, pay attention to remove diseased branches, stumps, and diseased fruits, and treat the cutting edge with healing agent.
Rational fertilization to improve soil: reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, increase the application of organic biological fertilizers, improve the soil environment, ensure the health of fruit tree roots, and reduce the possibility of rot disease.
Grass and wood ash: Removing the soil with root rot symptoms, applying 2-5 kg of plant ash and covering with fine soil, can promote the fruit tree to send out new roots after 2 months, and restore the tree strength year by year.
Pay attention to skin scraping: For orchards with severe disease, comprehensive skin scraping of the main trunk and main branches will help reduce the breeding of germs.
Clean the orchard: reduce the breeding ground of germs, scrape off the diseased spots in time, clean up the diseased branches, stumps and diseased fruits during pruning, and treat the cutting and sawing edges to reduce the transmission route of the disease.
By taking these comprehensive control measures, growers can more effectively deal with the problem of rot and ensure the health and harvest of their orchards.
In the process of prevention and control of fruit tree rot disease, scientific and reasonable management and comprehensive measures are the key to ensure the health of orchards. Through regular preventive work, physical control, tree protection and soil improvement, fruit farmers can effectively reduce the risk of rot disease, ensure the growth of fruit trees and the quality of fruits.
In daily management, fruit farmers should always pay attention to the growth status of fruit trees, and timely detect and deal with factors that may lead to diseases. Reasonable fertilization, scientific pruning, and regular cleaning of orchards can all help to improve the disease resistance of fruit trees. Especially after the fruit tree enters the fruiting period, it is necessary to pay attention to providing sufficient nutrients for the fruit tree to avoid excessive fruit hanging and weakening of the tree, thereby reducing the incidence of rot disease.
Growers also need to pay attention to environmental factors to avoid exposing their orchards to extreme weather such as frost damage, hail and other natural disasters that can easily cause damage to the trees. Through reasonable protective measures, the external pressure of fruit trees can be reduced and the overall resistance of fruit trees can be improved.
In closing, we would like to call on fruit farmers to strengthen their understanding of the prevention and control of fruit tree rot, and continue to learn and Xi and apply new scientific and technological means to manage orchards in a more scientific and sustainable way. It is only through the joint efforts of fruit growers that a healthy orchard ecosystem can be established and the longevity and harvest of fruit trees can be achieved. In this process, the wisdom and diligence of fruit farmers will inject a steady stream of vitality into the green development of the orchard and provide more abundant fruit resources for the society.