In a live broadcast, someone asked Dong Yuhui: "Why can you remember so much knowledge?".”
Yuhui replied: "When I teach at New Oriental, in order to make my class different from others, I always use my free time to read books, excerpts, and then link with knowledge in class and tell students to listen, so that students can not only like their own classes, but also let themselves remember those knowledge deeply." ”
Dong Yuhui's practice, as the saying goes, is called "learning and selling", and in academic terms, this is a very effective learning method - Feynman learning method.
The "Feynman" here refers to the Nobel Laureate in Physics Charlie Feynman, who summed up this learning method as simply "".Explain the knowledge to yourself or others
We have learned new knowledge, whether we have mastered it or not, Feynman has determined a criterion:The ultimate way to test whether knowledge is mastered is to see if you can explain it clearly to others, who in this case, can even be an 8-year-old child
When you learn a new knowledge, it can be broken down into five steps to reinforce it:
The first step is to learn something new and then tell it to others in as simple language as possibleThe second step is to write down the unclear points and think about what difficulties you encountered
The third step is to further consult the information, study and study until you really understand and can explain in simple language;
Fourth, repeat the above steps until you have mastered this new knowledge thoroughly
The fifth step is to simplify and integrate the knowledge learned, and absorb and internalize it into your own knowledge system.
In the process of telling others, you seem to be teaching others, but in fact, you are using the method of "teaching" to force yourself to review and consolidate. Most of the time,The knowledge that we thought we had mastered was actually only a little bit of it, and when you tell it to others, we will go deep into it and be enlightened. This is called "teaching to promote learning", or "output to force input".
As mentioned above, the Feynman method is "Explain the knowledge to yourself or othersSo it can be divided into two modes.
The first is simulated explanation, that is, to tell the knowledge to yourself。The operation process is as follows:
I remember when I was in middle school, I didn't have big ambitions, my dream was not to be a scientist or a writer, but to be a teacher. So, my favorite game is to be my own teacher by whispering what I've learned to and from school on the way to and from school. So, along the way, I often muttered in my mouth, with an indescribable expression on my face, one moment seemed to be angry, the other seemed to be smiling, and my parents suspected that it was a mental problem, and now I know that I unknowingly used the Feynman method - no wonder I am so good!
The second is to explain truthfully, that is, to tell others what you know。The operation process is as follows:
In real lectures, if the level of the listener and the instructor is the same, the learning efficiency is higher. Because the listener can judge whether he understands or not, and he can also ask questions about what he does not understand, and the questions will be more targeted for people with the same level.
The Feynman method of learning is actually divided into two types of learning: "passive learning" and "active learning". The methods of passive learning include "listening, reading, watching, and demonstrating", and the absorption efficiency is % in orderThe methods of active learning include "discussing, doing, teaching others", and the absorption efficiency is % respectively
Visible,The person who benefits the most from teaching knowledge to others is the one who gives it to others. Therefore, we have to learn with the attitude of teaching others after we have learnedXi, which allows us to understand what we have learned more thoroughly。"Good teacher" is a derogatory term when dealing with people, but it is a positive term when learning knowledge.
Let's take two more examples to further understand the Feynman Method.
There is a principal named Wang Jianxin in Guangwen Middle School in Weifang, Shandong Province, who likes to substitute teachers for teachers. When there is a shortage of teachers in the school, or if a teacher asks for leave, the principal will fill the position and is called the "firefighting principal". Principal Wang's substitute teaching is an interdisciplinary substitute teacher, and he will substitute for any subject teacher he lacks. His method is to learn and sell now, study by himself, then prepare the lesson, tell it to himself, revise it and then teach it to the students, and let the students also go to the blackboard to talk to the teacher and other students
In this way, after several years, the principal has taught almost all the subjects, and the teaching results are not bad. In this process, he felt that he benefited the most, and basically mastered the knowledge of various disciplines. He joked: ".If I could teach all the subjects once, then I would definitely be admitted to Peking University and Tsinghua University.
Principal Wang Jianxin is really admirable, and his approach is a typical "Feynman learning method".
I remember one year on the train, across from a college student who was very fond of photography. He took the initiative to talk to me, talking about the data of various models of cameras, talking about photography skills, eyebrows fluttering, and talking.
I told him, "I don't understand most of what you're saying." ”
He said".You don't need to understand, I just read the book and want to brush up on this knowledge.
Oops, I was "Feynman" like that!You see, after all this time, I still remember that wonderful lad vividly. If I met him again, I would say to him, "If you can make me understand, then you will really have that knowledge." Let's do it again!”