In the evolution of feudal dynasties, the contradiction between monarchical power and relative power, and between the monarch and the local government is a long-standing core problem. In order to effectively check and balance the forces of all parties, successive dynasties gave birth to systems such as the three princes and nine secretaries, the county system, and the three provinces and six ministries system, aiming to establish a mutual restraint mechanism in the power system, in order to maintain the dominance of the imperial power and consolidate the authority. However, after the pre-Qin period, especially in the history after the Song Dynasty, it is rare to see similar cases of usurpation by powerful ministers
During the Song Dynasty, the adjustment of the power structure was quite wonderful. The post of prime minister was removed, and the "participation in political affairs" - deputy prime minister was established, and the privy envoy and the three envoys of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period were continued, and the three were in charge of political power, military affairs, and finances respectively. In Miyagi, the Zhongshu Gate is the head of the central department, and the deputy prime ministers jointly handle the affairs of the state, and they and the Privy Council are collectively called the "two governments", and their power status is no less than that of the prime minister. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, it witnessed the evolution of the last stage of feudal society, and the centralization of power became more and more centralized.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang followed the example of the Yuan Dynasty to establish the power of the minister, but then brought about the excessive expansion of the power of the prime minister, challenging the stability of the imperial power. In order to resolve this contradiction, the post of prime minister was abolished, and the powers of the six ministries were strengthened, with ministers directly reporting to the emperor. At the same time, the abolition of the Imperial Historical Observatory, the establishment of the Inspectorate, and the "Three Law Divisions" (Criminal Department, Dali Temple and Supervision Division), although the status is low, but it has huge powers, which can involve ** and local ** judgment power.
The Qing Dynasty inherited the Ming Dynasty system, with a cabinet, a council of ministers and a south study. During the Yongzheng period, the Military Aircraft Department was established, which was managed by the emperor's trusted ministers and was responsible for supervising the power of the whole government. Although the Military Aircraft Department was the highest state organ at the time, its power was limited to participation in decision-making, and all directives were issued by the emperor, demonstrating the pinnacle of the monarchy's centralized power.
As for local power, Zhao Kuangyin of the Song Dynasty weakened the power of the prefecture and county and made it subordinate to **, so as to avoid the division of feudal towns. In the Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty set up the Chengxuan Political Department to be in charge of civil affairs and finance, the Imperial Envoy to be in charge of justice, and the Imperial Commander to be in charge of military affairs, ensuring the emperor's direct control over the localities. The Qing Dynasty set up 18 provinces, each with a governor and a governor for every two or three provinces, and these positions represented the emperor's authority at the local level and could be removed by the emperor at any time.
In terms of military power, the Song Dynasty released military power through a glass of wine, weakened the military power of generals by feasting and drinking, and revoked the position of commander of the supreme forbidden army, and used people with little seniority and easy control to serve as the generals of the three ya. The Ming Dynasty implemented the guard system and the military tuntian system to ensure that the troops were sufficient, and the war was fought in wartime and peace for the people. As for the Qing Dynasty, its army was divided into the Eight Banners Army and the Green Camp Army, which were fully intertwined and conducive to the stability of different ethnic groups and regions.