Winter is the time of high incidence of viral diseases in chickens. This is related to the fact that the virus itself is afraid of high temperature and likes low temperatures, the chickens are frequently stimulated by cold stress, and ventilation is sacrificed for heat preservation, as well as the natural light time becomes shorter, the intensity becomes weaker, and the ultraviolet antiviral effect of natural disinfectants is reduced. Taking propagation as an example, studies from relevant scientific research institutions have shown that the mortality rate of nephritis caused by propagation in cold environment is higher than that in warm environmentThe incidence of balloonitis was highest in the hypothermia group (45%), while the incidence was the lowest in the hyperthermia group (8.)9%）。
According to the data of the smart layer breeding platform, the top diseases in chickens from September to November are: branch, mycoplasma synovocha, Escherichia coliformosis, chicken infectious anemia, Mycoplasma toxinum and H9. Combined with the regional epidemic situation and the general trend of future epidemic occurrence. This article focuses on the following diseases of concern.
1. Infectious bronchitis in chickens (branch):
Over the past few years, the disease has ranked first in the incidence of laying hens in China. Due to the particularity of the branching virus, the expectation of using a single vaccine to take a shortcut to solve the problem of branching or fake hens in one's own chicken farm often becomes a dream. Relying on environmental control (high and stable temperature), thorough disinfection, sufficient emptying and the coordinated solution of a variety of vaccines are probably the direction we should strive to control this disease.
1.1. The branch should be immunized early and occupy a place early:Use a less virulent hemp strain - H120 or 28 86 or MA5 either. It is best for small and medium-sized farmers to use about 1 copy of the above vaccine to nosal and eye drops at the age of 1-3 days after entering the hatch. For large chicken farms with brown shells and red shells, spraying immunization and branch vaccine on breeder farms is sufficientOther breeds of laying hens may be more sensitive to spray immunity, and easy to provoke respiratory symptoms, these chickens are best to carry out nasal drops 1-3 days after hatching. Of course, for those who are not afraid of these problems, they will not be a big problem if they are properly controlled with some medicine after the breeder farm is immunized.
1.2. Use a variety of branch vaccines to cooperate with immunization to increase the immune spectrum (If I say this, some people will object, then you can believe the words of the vaccine factory, and don't scold me, you can do whatever you want): including H120 or 28 86 or MA5 for 1-3 days after hatching and 5-7 days for 1 49 nasal drops, and 21 days before and after QX immunization.
1.3. Don't relax the immunization of the branch oil seed:Choose the ones with good reputation and the more expensive, and don't say much about the others.
2. Severe respiratory syndrome caused by multiple factors in chickens:
I don't know the other name of this disease, and everyone knows it. At present, chicken farms in many areas are experiencing the disease, and it is not yet the peak of the epidemic, and it is estimated that the peak of the epidemic will start from the end of December to the beginning of January.
It needs to be said that for H5+H7, usual immunity is very important. According to the relevant academicians, there is no problem with this year's H5 vaccines, and serious immunization (I recommend immunization once every 2-3 months in the cold season) is the most important. In particular, a single large-scale chicken farm using an H-cage cannot be exempted or unavoidable because it is inconvenient to immunize. This kind of chicken farm and the A-type cage breeding of ordinary people have little advantage in disease prevention and control - the larger the group, the greater the possibility of spreading the disease.
If an epidemic occurs, it is necessary to consult an experienced local veterinary drug or scientific research institution to confirm the diagnosis (from the anatomical point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to: whether there is white latex-like mucus in the uterus, whether there is bleeding in the pancreas, whether there is bleeding at the base of the glandular gastric papilla, and whether there is white mucus in the glandular stomach that cannot be scraped, etc.). After diagnosis, ** is of little significance, low pathogenicity of such diseases, preferably starvation ** (more deaths in the first three days, then the death decreases, after 14-15 days of forced moulting);It can be used appropriately for flocks with mildly similar respiratory diseasesJing Fang Septic Powder or External Sense Kang (0. per chicken.)5-1 gram only. days or 5 kg tons).In principle, it takes 5-7 days of continuous medication.
3. Infectious rhinitis in chickens:
The onset is common and difficult**, and can be easily confused with many respiratory syndromes. First of all, respiratory diseases can have rhinitis symptoms, because the nose is part of the upper respiratory tract. However, rhinitis spreads quickly, and within 1-2 days there may be a general swelling of the face throughout the house (no immune rhinitis vaccine or immunization failure). Secondly, rhinitis has a special fishy smell, severe yellow nasal suffocation, and swelling of the sinuses under the nose. Rhinitis is not a swollen head, rarely eyelids, but a swelling of the sinuses (swelling on both sides of the lower part of the face), like a small judge in a temple.
It is necessary to pay great attention to the ** after the occurrence of rhinitis. Almost all the drugs that can be used are forbidden drugs - rhinitis is not terrible, what is terrible is that there is no cure after the onset of the disease. Emergency vaccination against rhinitis has a significant effect on shortening the course of the disease and preventing**. The following points need to be paid attention to for rhinitis:
3.1. If you use a certain rhinitis vaccine for a long time, you will feel that the immune effect will decreaseDue to the effect of environmental pressure (rhinitis immunization can control the appearance of clinical symptoms, but cannot prevent the body from detoxifying the environment), farmers will feel that the effect of the vaccine is getting worse and worse after a period of use. Combining with chicken disinfection is a good way to solve this problem.
3.2. The quality of rhinitis vaccine varies greatly:The difference in the quality of the rhinitis vaccine is almost the largest of all the vaccines you have seen. The so-called good vaccine factory in your mind in China may not produce good rhinitis vaccines. It is mainly manifested in the protection rate and the size of stress after immunization. In general: there are very few good rhinitis vaccines, and there are only a few, and the best ones that can be imported are the best, and the lowest ones have to be selected at the full price of ABC, and the others can not be said again.
3.3. At least 2 immunizations before the start of rhinitis:Rhinitis vaccine should be immunized at least twice (6-7 weeks, 10-12 weeks) before production. Due to the impact of endotoxin on the first officer, laying hens are no longer immune to rhinitis vaccine after giving birth. For small chickens, because the immune response is not as good as that of brown shell and powder shell laying hens, it is best to stagger the low temperature of October - February of the following year to raise such breeds of chickens at the peak or in the peak period, and it is best to consider 3 times of immune rhinitis vaccines.
3.4. Do a good job in the detailed management of rhinitis vaccine injection immunizationThe first is to do a good job of preheating, and inject rhinitis vaccines without preheating in the low temperature season, which is easy to form cysts and is not easy to absorb. Second, it is best not to inject rhinitis vaccine on the legs and neck, but to inject it into the subcutaneous or superficial intramuscular layer of the wing root on the chest. Since the site after the rhinitis vaccine can not be injected to immunize other oil (epidemic) vaccines, therefore, when immunizing rhinitis, it is necessary to reasonably plan the injection site of other immunizations in the future. The third is that the injection should not be too deep, and the vaccine can be absorbed quickly and the stress is great after the vaccine is injected into the deep layers of the musclesSubcutaneous or superficial intramuscular injection, remember, remember
3.5. Pay attention to the use period of different types of rhinitis vaccinesThe stress of rhinitis oil vaccine is great, but the duration of immunity is long, and it is best used in normal immunization;The rhinitis water seedling has little stress and a short duration of protection after immunization, so it is best to use it again when urgently vaccinated after the onset of the disease.