The alliance between the Northern Song Dynasty and the Liao Dynasty was concluded after twenty-five years of war. The conclusion of this pact not only marked the end of the state of war between the two great powers, but also left a tortuous and thought-provoking story in history.
The Liao State, as a powerful regime in northern China at that time, due to its own reasons, had a secret connection with the Northern Song Dynasty court through the old Liao general Wang Jizhong very early. They realized that war with the Northern Song Dynasty was not something they could afford for long, and that peace was what they needed.
At the same time, Song Zhenzong of the Northern Song Dynasty also agreed with the peace. He sent Cao Yi to Liao to negotiate and conclude a peace treaty with Liao in December (January 1005). The conclusion of this peace treaty not only brought peace to the two great powers, but also left an important chapter in China's history.
The content of the Abyss Alliance mainly includes:
Liao and Song Dynasty are the country of brothers, Liao Shengzong called Song Zhenzong his brother, Song Zhenzong called Liao Shengzong his brother, and later generations still talked about it;
The borders of the two sides remain unchanged, and they are about to be fraternal countries and have a long-term peace. With the Baigou River as the boundary (Liao gave up Suicheng and Zhuo, Ying, and Mo Prefectures), the two sides withdrew their troops;Thereafter, no one shall hide from one another if there are thieves who have crossed the border;The border cities of the two dynasties, everything is as usual, and no city gods are allowed to be built.
The Song Dynasty provided 100,000 taels of silver and 200,000 horses of silk to the Liao State every year, which were delivered to Xiongzhou. Since then, the Song Dynasty has set a precedent for the Song Dynasty to pay the "New Year's coin" to the Liao State every year.
Historians have different opinions on the evaluation of the Abyss Alliance. Some people think it was a humiliating treaty because the Northern Song Dynasty paid "Sui Yuan" to the Liao State, while others believe that it was a peaceful treaty because the two sides ended a state of war that lasted for twenty-five years. However, no matter which point of view, it is impossible to deny the important role played by the Abyss Alliance in history.