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** Financial gossip
Author of Financial Gossip
In the past year, the researchers who are struggling on the front line have also lived quite a fulfilling life, and one by one the innovative achievements are displayed in front of our eyes.
Since the beginning of this year, how many "big powers" have been born in our country?And what new achievements have been made by those "great powers" that already have them?
As early as 1970, the Chinese had the dream of building a "big plane".
**Ever when visiting Europe, onRidiculed by the European **and we are"An eagle without wings".
At that time, our countryIt can build cars and trains, evenIt has been possible to produce some military aircraft, but large passenger aircraft, it is very difficult.
But at that time, Shanghai already had a certain industrial base, and the Chinese felt that they could "dream" a little, and the first domestic large aircraft project was launched.
Imported Boeing 707 light isIt took us 5 years to draw the drawings, in kindIt was officially developed, and another 5 years passed
In 1980, named"Yun-10".The large plane successfully flew test, and evenFly over the "Death Course".to deliver supplies to Tibetan areas at high altitudes.
But during the test flight, we found problems that were difficult to solve with the technology at the time, such as:Pneumatic development, material technologyWait.
At that time, "Transport-10".The total investment has reached 500 million, this set down, and I don't know how much it will cost.
To engage in research and development, the budget is never enough, let alone this is a large aircraft, which coincides with the changes of the times, so that the people at that timeRise up the short-sighted idea that "it's better to buy than to build".
In 1985, the "Yun-10" project ran aground, and countless related personnel fell silent after 15 years of hard work.
Nowadays,Next to the parking place of the Y-10 plane, there is also a sculpture of "never give up", which seems to be waiting for someone to succeed him.
After 21 years, the Chinese's dream of "big planes" has once again ignited.
In 2006, large aircraft became one of the 16 major science and technology projects in the "Outline of Medium and Long-term Science and Technology Development Plan".
In 2009, the development project of the large aircraft, codenamed "COMAC919", was launched.
"comac" is the English abbreviation of COMAC, "9" means "long time", and "19" refers to this aircraftThe passenger capacity is 190 people
On December 25, 2016, the "C919" completed its first test flightThe planes built by the Chinese themselves are once again flying in the blue sky.
After that, it has gone through many years of preparation, including but not limited to special test flights for high temperatures, special test flights for alpine and cold temperatures, extreme load conditions, and verification flights across the country.
It's hereIn 2022, 100 hours of verification flights were finally completed.
During this period, a lot of orders were also soldAs of September 2023, the total number of orders for the "C919" has reached 1,061 aircraft.
The average per unit is about$80 million, that isTotal order valueAbout 848$800 millionIt is equivalent to about 606.2 billion yuan
On May 28 this year, the C919 large aircraft completed its first commercial passenger flight.
Until December, it was delivered to China Eastern AirlinesThe thirdThe C919 has been officially put into operation, and I believe that in the future, we can see more and more domestic large aircraft at the airport.
This yearOn September 28, China's first cross-sea high-speed railway was put into operation, making Fujian the first province where every city has direct access to high-speed rail.
Originally, there was already a Fuzhou-Xiamen train between Fuxia and Xiamen, which ran at a speed of 200 kilometers per hour, and the occupancy rate was often high, which can be called the whole countryBusiestOne of the intercity railways.
Therefore, the construction of the new Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway is oneIt is very necessarythings.
Due to FushaWith rugged terrain and staggered water networks, the construction process of the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway is quite difficult, the railroad was erectedThere are 84 bridges, 29 tunnels, and 3 sea-crossing bridges
In order to overcome the difficulties of sea breeze, ocean corrosion, and environmental protection along the line, it was usedCloud computing, Internet of Things, big data, Beidou, BIM and other technologies, and built one for this1,000-ton bridge erecting machine
In order to solve the corrosion of marine salt spray, the engineering team used the method of "rust to rust".
Nickel was added to the steel and forgedResistant to marine atmospheric corrosion, because the outer layer itself has a dense, stable passivation rust layer that is able to:Effectively prevents chloride ion penetration.
It is worth mentioning that BIM technology, which is able to giveDigital Information ModelingThe whole process of construction can be simulated in the computer, which also makes the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed rail project becomeA representative of intelligent transportation
The railway, with a total length of 277 km, was realizedThe "one-hour living circle" between Fuzhou and Xiamen, the entire southeast coastal urban agglomeration is connected in series.
After completion, Xiamen North Railway Station will also build two new subways to realize the transfer of subway and high-speed rail in the high-speed rail station.
As ofOn December 17, less than three months after its opening, the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway has sent 10 million passengers.
With the practice of the Fuzhou-Xiamen high-speed railway, which is a high-speed railway across the sea, more and more sea-crossing bridges will appear in the future.
On December 25, the world's longest cross-sea high-speed railway bridge was announcedHangzhou Bay cross-sea railway bridgeThe first bored pile began to be piled.
Whether it is the high-speed railway from Nantong to Ningbo, where the Hangzhou Bay Railway Bridge is located, or the Fuzhou-Xiamen Railway, it isAn important part of the "eight vertical and eight horizontal" high-speed rail
December 27, that is, today, our countryThe first high-speed railway on the Sino-Vietnamese border, the Fangdong Railway, was opened, which is also a cross-sea railway.
It is expected that in the future, we will be able to see more and more high-speed trains speeding on the sea.
On June 28 this year, China's first 16 MW offshore wind turbine was successfully installed in FujianIt is also the world's first 16 MW offshore wind turbine to be connected to the grid.
A wind turbine, lightThe blades are 123 meters long and have a surface area of more than 1,000 square meters
That is, it is usedThe lightest material, the weight of the blades of a wind turbine, is still about150 tons
The shelf life of the general wind turbine is 20 years, which of the unitThe shelf life is as high as 25 yearsIt is a testament to the strength of China's manufacturing industry.
When Typhoon Doksuri arrived, the unit not only weathered the typhoon, but also set a new record for daily power generation.
The highest record38.720,000 kWhI can supply about50,000 people a daydomestic electricity consumption.
Compared with onshore wind power, offshore wind power has more advantages, such as high power generation efficiency, low land occupancy rate, and low construction difficulty.
And our country 1The 80,000-kilometer-long coastline has created space for the development of offshore wind turbines.
Under China's goal of achieving carbon peak in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060, the development of offshore wind power is urgent.
For 4 years in a row, our country'sCumulative installed capacity of offshore wind powerBothThe first in the world
What's more, all the core components have been localized, which greatly reduces the manufacturing cost.
For example, this group of 16 MW offshore wind turbines in Fujian, the blades are made of:Sinoma TechnologyProduction, lubrication system byPangu Intelligenceprovided, the tower may beHebei Qiangsheng wind power development, the spindle bearing isLuoyang LYC bearing***
China's Haizhuang large wind turbine production workshop is also because the wind power device has a scale effect, and the cost of wind power is gradually decliningThe era of parity
Against this backdrop, offshore wind power will no longer enjoy state subsidies from 2022, but it still ranks first in the world in terms of installed capacity so far.
In 2022, the installed capacity of offshore wind turbines in the world,Our country alone accounts for 49 per cent.
According to the press release of the meeting of the National Energy Administration, as of November this year,The new increment of wind power and photovoltaic in the country is 20.5 billion kilowatts, of which 41.39 million kilowatts are wind power.
However, it may be because the progress of this year is too fast, and the planned installed capacity for the whole of next year is only 200 million kilowatts, which may be to help with thisGrowing too fastof the industryBetter lay the foundation
And the reason why there are more and more "big wind turbines" and offshore wind turbines is also for the betterSolve the "retirement" of wind turbinesproblems.
Higher capacity means higher efficiency and a smaller footprint, which is better for the fan**.
After all, since 2006, China has begun to scale wind power, according to the average life of wind turbines of 20 yearsFrom next year, China will enter the wave of "retirement" of wind turbines.
At a time when the development of wind power has become a trend, how to deal with retired wind turbines has also become a challenge that we must face.
At the beginning of this year, I just experienced the villain quantum computer MOSS in "The Wandering Earth 3" in the National Day file.
Less than one year, in October this year, the real quantum computer prototype "Jiuzhan No. 3" was successfully developed.
Chapter 9 No. 3 "by255 photonscomposition, processing the speed of Gaussian Bose sampling, ratio"Chapter 9 No. 2" is 1 million times faster, thanToday's fastest traditional computers are 100 million billion times faster.
Schematic diagram of the experimental setup, which also surpasses Google's superconducting quantum calculator"Plane tree".
It is worth mentioning that the "Nine Chapter Three".The production budget is only 30 million yuan"Plane tree".The total cost is as high as$1 billion
This is what is often referred to today as "quantum superiority".
As early as the successful development of the first quantum computer, China's supercomputer level has reached the forefront of the world.
As recently released"Tianhe Xingyi".Compared with the "Tianhe-2", which once topped the world, the computing power has reached a higher level.
The former "Tianhe No. 2" and "Sunway Taihu Light" were all the first in the world.
It can be said that in the computing power competition, my country does not dare to say that it is one of the best, and it is also far ahead.
It is for this reasonIn order to "overtake in the corner" on the quantum computer and become the first in the world.
However, thisAfter all, it is a basic discipline research, current"Chapter 9 No. 3" can only count specific problems, justIt is expected that in 5-10 years, the results with real application value will be realized.
Looking forward to that day, the application achievements of quantum computers have sprung up like mushrooms after a rain and become another milestone in the field of science and technology in China.
It is believed that in the near future, quantum computers, like today's supercomputers, will bring unprecedented convenience to the lives of Chinese people, and can also explore the direction for the future of human civilization.
Let us look forward to the day when these new great powers will become the emerging stage of China's scientific and technological development and shine on the life stage of the Chinese people.
Do you still know what scientific research achievements my country has made this year?Feel free to leave your comments and opinions in the comment area.