"Warring States Policy. There is a well-known story in Yan Ce IIIJing Ke assassinated the King of Qin, tells the story of the last years of the Warring States period, the Qin general Wang Jian broke the Zhao State, captured the King of Zhao, took the territory of the Zhao State, and then advanced to the north and hit the southern border of the Yan State. Dan, the prince of Yan, was very panicked, so he asked Jing Ke to go to Qin to assassinate the king of Qin.
Jing Ke thought about it, howcan make King Qin trust him, and the idea he came up with is: do what he likes。At that time, the king of Qin was rewarding Fan Yuzhi's head with a thousand gold to the whole world, and Fan Yuzhi happened to be in Yan Kingdom.
In order to win the trust of King Qin, Jing Kemoved Fan Yu with affection and reason, and persuaded him to commit suicide, took his head to the state of Qin to dedicate it to the king of Qin.
So who is Fan Yuqi, and why does King Qin hate him so much that he does not hesitate to spend a thousand dollars to buy his head?
Fan Yuzhi was originally a general of the Qin State, but because he offended the King of Qin and fled to the Yan State, the King of Qin killed his parents and clansmen, and wanted to hunt him down.
At the end of the Warring States period, the rise of the Qin State was unstoppable, and unifying the world was an ironclad thingIt is too late for people of insight in the world to defect to the King of Qin, how can anyone defect even though the King of Qin is reused?
Open the record of the famous generals of Great QinHistorical Records. Qin Shi Huang Benji, which records every general who went out for the Qin StateThere is no such person as Fan Yuzhi。In Yang Kuan's "History of the Warring States", he believes that another Qin general should be Fan Yuzhi.
This person is calledHuan Qi, in 237 BC, was worshiped as a general by the King of Qin, together with Wang Jian and Yang Duanhe, attacked Zhao, and made a lot of achievements, but in the end he met Li Mu, the general of Zhao, and died at the hands of Li Mu.
Yang Kuan's reasons for thinking that Huan Qi is Fan Yuzhi are:The two were recorded at similar times, Fan Yuzhi led the army to attack the enemy country, but he was defeated and did not dare to return, so he chose to mutiny. AndThe two have similar pronunciations of their names, perhaps a record error caused by word of mouth among the people.
Although it is impossible to verify whether the pronunciation of the names of the two people by the Qin people at that time was similar, it is fromJudging from the ending of the two, this statement is untenable。Huan Qi attacked Zhao and won and lost, and if he lost, he also returned to the court, and finally died in the battle under Li Mu's hands.
Sima Guang's "Zizhi Tongjian" has a record: ".The Qin division was defeated, and Huan Qi ran back.And Fan Yuzhi defected directly, and was also rewarded by King Qin to buy the head.
Jing Ke went with Fan Yu's headThe assassination of the King of Qin was in 227 BCHuan Qi was killed by Li Mu in 229 BC
Is it possible that Huan Qi did not die at that time, but fled to Yan Kingdom?On the battlefield, it is very likely impossible to fake death from under Li Mu's nose.
It seems that there is no record of Fan Yuzhi, there should be other secrets that need to be hidden. After all, ancient history was recorded by historians, and if the king had an order, it was normal to erase someone from the record.
Fan Yuzhi's defection to the Qin State was not necessarily directly related to the King of Qin, but perhaps related to the people close to the King of Qin, such as the ministersLü Buwei
After King Yingzheng of Qin succeeded to the throne, Lü Buwei, as an auxiliary minister, controlled the government for many years, plus his ambiguous relationship with the Empress Dowager ZhaoFan Yuzhi was very dissatisfied with him
In 240 BC, Lü Buwei sent troops to the five kingdoms of Shandong in order to avenge the joint attack of the five kingdoms against Qin. He first sent Meng Fu and Zhang Tang to lead 50,000 troops to attack Zhao. Three days later, he ordered Chang'an Jun Cheng Cheng to lead another 50,000 troops to support Fan Yuzhi.
Cheng Chan was young at the time, only 17 years old, and he was not familiar with leading troops in battleHe consulted Fan Yuzhi on everything and trusted him very much
And Fan Yuzhi did not put his mind on the battle at this time, but chose to announce his personal vendetta and kept by Cheng Chan's sideTell about Lü Buwei's wrongdoing against the Qin state, accused him of stealing the country, and also wrote a special articleExpose Lü Buwei's evil deeds
Even if what Fan Yuzhi stated in the list article is the truth and has no wishes Lu Buwei, butNow is the time to use troops against Zhao State, not when he Fan Yu expected to show himself and engage in rebellion. Moreover, all the generals in the DPRK and China are afraid of Lü Buwei's power, who dares to respond to Fan Yuzhi at this juncture?
However, the unfamiliar Chang'an Jun Cheng Cheng listened to Fan Yuzhi's words, and he agreed to take advantage of the fact that Meng's soldiers and horses were trapped in Zhao State, and led the army to clear the Jun's side and eradicate Lü Buwei.
Fan Yuzhi is really a villainCheng Chan raised troops at his instigation, but he did not have troops to help Cheng Chan, is purely to kill people with a knife and let Cheng Chan be cannon fodder.
Sure enough, after Ying Zheng saw Fan Yuzhi's example, he was furious and ordered Wang Jian to lead his troops to defeat Cheng Chan. Cheng Chan didn't understand military affairs in the first place, and when he met the veteran Wang Qian, there was no other ending than a rout. Cheng Cheng took the place of Fan Yuzhi, but Fan Yuzhi was unscathed because he did not participate in the rebellion
The fuse that made Fan Yuzhi finally defect was Changxin Hou Changyu.
Chang Yu originally relied on Lü Buwei to climb the high branch of the Empress Dowager Zhao, but with the backer of the Empress Dowager Zhao and her own strength, Chang Yu fought with Lü Buwei in secret. Fan Yuzhi hated Lü Buwei and helped Chang Yu deal with him
But he only thought about anti-Lu, but he didn't think that the person who wanted to kill Chang Yu the most was King Yingzheng of Qin. Although Yingzheng and Chang Yu both wanted to get rid of it, the first thing was to get rid of Chang Yu, a traitor who disgraced him.
As one of Chang Yu's henchmen, Fan Yuzhi is also the target of Yingzheng's attack。The cunning Fan Yuzhi would not sit idly by and quickly fled to the Yan Kingdom.
Jing Ke borrowed the head from Fan Yuqi, probably knowing that Fan Yuqi was originally a villain, and it was not a pity to die.