WheatIt is one of the main food crops in China, and its output is directly related to the countryFood securitywithFarmersRevenue. InWheatAmong the three elements of yield per mu, the number of ears per mu and the number of grains per ear are mutually restricted, and it is impossible to reach the optimal state at the same time. Therefore,WheatThe key factor for high yields is 1000-grain weight.
1000-grain weight refers to the weight of 1000 grains, which is a direct reflectionWheatSeed size and quality of the variety. A high 1000-grain weight means that the root system is well developed and the plant is better able to absorb nutrients and water, resulting in higher yields. In addition, the weight of 1000 grains is also withWheatDrought resistance and comprehensive resistance are related, and varieties with a high 1000-grain weight tend to be more able to withstand drought andPests and diseasesand other harsh environments to maintain high yields.
To prove the weight of the thousand grainsWheatThe importance of high yield can be demonstrated from the following aspects.
1. Evidence 1: The development of root system is positively correlated with 1000-grain weight
Studies have shown that the weight of 1000 grains is highWheatVarieties tend to have well-developed root systems, which are positively correlated with yield. This is because the degree of development of the root system is closely related to the nutrient absorption capacity of the plant, and the root system is developedWheatPlants are better able to absorb nutrients and water from the soil, resulting in higher yields.
For example, a survey showed that in the Huanghuai wheat area, the approved 1000-grain weight was highWheatVarieties tend to have a more developed root system, which is associated with their high yields and drought resistance. Therefore, the weight of 1000 grains is highWheatCultivars can be seen as proof of well-developed root systems and good overall resistance.
2. Evidence 2: Wheat varieties with high 1000-grain weight can increase yield
According to the data of the National Agricultural Technology Extension Center, the 1000-grain weight is highWheatVarieties can easily increase the yield by more than 200 catties per mu by optimizing water supply and fertilization. In arid or semi-arid areas such as the Huanghuai wheat area, a little bit of water supply and fertilization can bring about a greater increase in yield.
The reason behind this is the high weight of 1000 grainsWheatThe variety has a better grouting capacity, and the grouting process is precisely the decisionWheatA critical period for production. And the 1000-grain weight is lowWheatVarieties often lack the filling capacity, resulting in low yields. This may be due to a lack of development of the root system to effectively transfer the organic matter produced by the root system to the upper part of the plant, or it may be due to the influence of a diseasePhotosynthesisNot going well.
Therefore, it is necessary to carefully choose the one with low 1000-grain weight, small and black grains, high black embryo rate, and black and sticky flourWheatvariety, because these are the main defects of insufficient grouting capacity.
3. Evidence 3: 1000-grain weight is the most stable genetic trait in wheat
In an article published in Acta Agronomica Sinica, LandAgricultureScienceProfessor Zhang Fuyan of the Institute of Technology Development pointed out that the weight of 1000 grains isWheatOne of the most stable of genetic traits. This means that 1000-seed weight is relatively easy to be passed on to offspring in a stable manner during breeding, while other traits may be affected by the environmentPests and diseasesand other factors.
Therefore, in the selection of high yieldsWheatVarieties with high 1000-grain weight tend to have better genetic stability, which is more conducive to the continuous improvement and popularization of long-term varieties.
4. Evidence 4: The grain filling process determines 80% of wheat yield
Professor Wang Zhimin in ChinaAgricultureUniversity studies found that high yieldsWheatMore than 80% of the yield comes from the grouting process. Specifically, the yield of the three parts of "flag leaf, subspike node and wheat ear" accounted for 80% of the entire filling process.
This means that to increaseWheatyield, it is necessary to pay attention to the management of the filling periodRegulation。Varieties with low 1000-grain weight often have insufficient filling capacity, resulting in low yield. This is becausePhotosynthesisIf it is not smooth, the flag leaf and above cannot make full use of light energyPhotosynthesis, or the root system is underdeveloped and cannot effectively transfer the organic matter produced by the root system to the upper part of the plant.
To sum up, the weight of 1000 grains is inWheatIt plays a vital role in high yields. 1000-grain weight highWheatThe variety has the advantages of developed root system, good drought resistance and good comprehensive resistance. By optimizing water supply and fertilization measures, varieties with high 1000-grain weight can achieve a significant increase in yield, and promoteFarmersincreased revenue. Therefore, inWheatIn production, we should pay attention to the 1000-grain weight, and choose varieties with high 1000-grain weight for planting to improve the yield andFarmersEarnings. From this point of view, the weight of 1000 grains isWheatThe "first factor" of high yields.