Water mildew, a term that is not unfamiliar to aquaculture farmers, is a huge problem during the cold season every year. This fungal disease, caused by water mold, poses a serious threat to the growth and survival of fish, and can even lead to a mortality rate of up to 30%. However, despite the serious threat of water mold, we are not out of options. This article will delve into the characteristics, pathogens, diagnostic methods, as well as prevention and strategies to help farmers better cope with this challenge.
First, an in-depth understanding of water mildew.
Characteristics: Water mildew, also known as skin mildew, is one of the common diseases in fish. It is most prevalent in early spring, with an infection rate of up to 30%. When a white hairy mass appears on the surface of the fish, it means that it is infected with water mold, and it is quite serious. Diseased fish usually show symptoms such as loss of appetite, solitude, restlessness and sluggishness, and eventually die of emaciation.
The spores of the water mold can invade from the wound of the fish, and quickly multiply, spread, expand, and grow into cotton hair-like hyphae in the injured area. These hyphae adhere to the cell tissue at the wound site, the outer part is grayish-white, and the hyphae on the surface extend outward, forming a covering shape, and form a sporangia at the end, releasing free spores into the water, which spread with the water flow.
Pathogen: Hydromycosis is a fungal disease caused by water mold, and there are almost 20 species of water mold found on the body surface and fish eggs in freshwater aquaculture animals, the most common of which are water mold and cotton mold. Water mold has a wide range of temperature adaptations, ranging from 5 to 23. There is no selectivity for aquaculture animals, and all wounds on the body surface can be infected and cause disease.
Winter breeding problems: the occurrence of water mildew and the diagnosis of prevention and control methods: if you see white hair covering cotton wool on the fish body, it is "water mildew". Observe the hyphae under a microscope. But distinguish between ciliates and water molds.
2. Analyze the causes of water mildew.
Environmental factors: Cold and harsh weather conditions may cause frostbite or injury to fish during fishing, transportation, and pond transfer, all of which provide an infectious entry point for the occurrence of water mold. In addition, factors such as deterioration of water quality, incomplete disinfection, and excessive pond silt will also increase the probability of water mold disease. The Oakdan aquaculture water quality detector can be used to detect the aquaculture water quality, which is convenient for accurate and rapid detection of twelve water quality indicators.
Biological factors: When some parasites parasitize, they will form wounds on the fish, and water mold spores may invade through these wounds, resulting in the occurrence of water mold. In addition, emaciation, poor constitution and malnutrition also increase the risk of water mold infection.
Winter breeding problems The occurrence and prevention methods of water mildew
3. Diagnosis of water mold disease.
If you see white hairs covering cotton wool on the fish, it is "water mold". In addition, microscopic visualization of hyphae is also a method of diagnosing water mold, but care should be taken to distinguish ciliates from water mold.
Fourth, the prevention of water mildew disease and **.
In order to prevent water mildew, we first need to do a good job of pond desilting when stocking in the pond. When adding about 20-30 cm of water, you can use quicklime or bleaching powder to clean the pond for disinfection. When stocking, you can use 100 kg of water in a barrel to put 3-4 kg of edible salt or 2 grams of potassium permanganate to soak and disinfect. At the same time, do a good job of fertilizer and water to keep the water fresh. Enhancing the immunity and physique of fish is also an important measure to prevent water mold. Avoiding fish injuries and mechanical damage during pond transfer is also key to preventing water mold.
Winter breeding problems: the occurrence and prevention methods of water mildew In the first water mildew, the following points need to be paid attention to:
1.Timely diagnosis: Once the fish is found to be infected with water mold, it is necessary to diagnose it in time and take the best measures. If it is delayed for too long, it may lead to aggravation of the condition and increase the difficulty.
2.Correct use of drugs according to the instructions: When using the drug ** water mold, it is necessary to use it correctly according to the requirements of the instructions to avoid excessive use or improper use of the fish body.
3.Combined with environmental factors**: The incidence of water mildew is closely related to environmental factors, so it is necessary to pay attention to improving water quality and pond environment. Water quality can be improved by enhancing pond cleaning, reducing silt, increasing transparency, and more.
Winter breeding problems: the occurrence and prevention methods of water mildew disease 4Preventive measures: At the same time as water mildew, preventive measures need to be taken, such as pond disinfection, strengthening water quality monitoring, and avoiding mechanical damage. In this way, the probability of water mildew can be reduced and the breeding efficiency can be improved.
In conclusion, water mildew is one of the common diseases in aquaculture, and it is very necessary for farmers to understand its characteristics, causes, prevention and methods. Through scientific and reasonable measures, it can effectively prevent and improve the success rate and economic benefits of aquaculture.
In summary, although water mildew poses a serious threat to fish farming, as long as we do a good job of prevention and timely progress, we can effectively control the occurrence and spread of water mildew and ensure the smooth progress of fish farming.
The above content is for reference only.
Author: Manager Jiang, a manufacturer of Aokdan water quality tester