Huang Peizhao.
As an ancient civilization with a long history, Egypt has a rich heritage and accumulation of cultural relics, and also has its feasible policies, regulations, measures and methods in such aspects as improving the management system for the protection of cultural relics, rationally utilizing cultural relics, and increasing the punishment of illegal activities of cultural relics.
In terms of improving the management system for the protection of cultural relics, Egypt's "Cultural Relics Protection" clearly stipulates the scope of protection of cultural relics, the management institutions of cultural relics, and the specific provisions on the investigation, excavation and protection of cultural relics, which have played a positive role in promoting all aspects related to the protection and utilization of cultural relics. At the same time, it has also invested a lot of manpower and material resources to carry out archaeological excavation and protection work. Egypt** has established a special archaeological institution to carry out comprehensive planning and management of archaeological excavations, conservation and restoration, and has achieved great results.
Egypt has vigorously carried out publicity work on the protection of cultural relics and strengthened education on the people's awareness of the protection of cultural relics. **Carry out various forms of cultural relics exhibitions, lectures, seminars and other activities to attract the public's attention to the protection of cultural relics, improve the public's awareness of cultural relics protection, and use the brilliant ancient cultural relics to enhance national self-esteem and cultural pride, and continue to draw development and forward momentum from historical relics. This is also the reason why Egyptians generally have a strong sense of family and country, as well as a full sense of identity and belonging to their country and culture.
Another manifestation of the rational use of Egyptian cultural relics is that Egypt allows cultural relics to be rented, loaned and exhibited internationally. Through these flexible and effective practices, Egypt has greatly publicized its cultural relics with a sense of the scene, and on the other hand, it has also generated a large amount of foreign exchange, which has contributed greatly to the development of its economy and the feedback of its cultural undertakings, cultural relics protection and other related industries.
Article 45 of Chapter III of the Egyptian Cultural Relics Protection**, revised and promulgated in 1983, stipulates that anyone who commits any of the following acts shall be sentenced to criminal detention of not less than 3 months but not more than 1 year, and shall also be fined not less than 100 pounds but not more than 500 pounds. 1.Posting advertisements and posters on cultural relics; 2.Writing, engraving, or smearing on cultural relics;3.Dereliction of duty resulting in the destruction or disfigurement of fixed or movable cultural objects, or the dismantling of parts of cultural objects.
In January 2010, the Egyptian parliament passed a revised version of the "Cultural Relics Protection**", which strengthened the protection of civilization, especially the crackdown and punishment of uncivilized phenomena including "graffiti". In this way, people's awareness of cultural relics protection has been further strengthened, and even primary school students know that if they graffiti on cultural relics and scenic spots, they will be punished by law, so they maintain a sense of awe.
Egypt** has been working to recover antiquities lost overseas. In 2007, Egypt set up a special "Joint Commission for the Recovery of Cultural Relics", which stipulates that through negotiations, diplomacy, participation in auctions (auctions), legal and other means, every effort can be made to recover monuments lost abroad. In fact, Egypt has already had similar institutions, such as the General Directorate for the Restitution of Antiquities, which was established in 2002 and has successfully recovered some monuments. The scope of the "Joint Committee on the Recovery of Cultural Relics" has been expanded, and the division of labor has become clearer and more specific, and its members are composed of the Ministry of Culture, the Ministry of the Interior, the Ministry of Security, the Ministry of International Cooperation, the Ministry of Justice and other units. Now, Egypt's "Joint Commission for the Recovery of Cultural Relics" has recovered a large number of precious cultural relics through incomprehensible efforts, which have been praised by the people and the people.
Egypt also has its own set of practices in the protection and utilization of immovable cultural relics. The local ** believes that as a special category and an important part of cultural relics, immovable cultural relics generally refer to cultural relics that are not easy to move or cannot be moved, such as ancient buildings, grottoes, tombs, stone carvings, murals, reliefs, etc. Because of their special historical, cultural and artistic value, these cultural relics are protected by national laws and regulations and cannot be relocated or destroyed at will.
The first is to use the law to build a solid "armor" and "line of defense" for immovable cultural relics. For example, the Egyptian Antiquities Law, enacted as early as 1951, provides for the protection of all immovable cultural objects such as antiquities, monuments and archaeological sites in Egypt. According to the provisions of the law, anyone must be approved to enter monuments, archaeological sites, etc. **Dedicated security personnel will also be dispatched to protect these important artifacts and historical sites.
Article 24 of Egypt's Conservation of Antiquities**, as amended in January 2010, stipulates that anyone who stumbles upon a movable antiquity, or a part or part of an immovable cultural object, must report it to the nearest administrative authority or police station within 48 hours and be responsible for protecting the antiquity until the relevant authority comes to receive it. If the report is not made as scheduled, it will be punished as unauthorized possession of cultural relics. For accidental discoverers, the Cultural Relics Committee will reward them at its discretion, and if they fail to report to ** within 48 hours, they will be sentenced to one to five years in prison and a fine.
The second is to set up a special police type "tourist police" to strengthen on-site protection, supervision and law enforcement. People's Daily Online reporters will see a large number of "tourist police" in almost all immovable cultural relics in Egypt, their task is to protect the personal and property safety of tourists, and second, they also have an important mission on their shoulders, which is responsible for supervising the behavior of domestic and foreign tourists, especially whether tourists are doing anything on immovable cultural relics, or have any attempts and actions to destroy or steal cultural relics. Once discovered, it will be taken seriously and dealt with. There is not only the "top-level design" in the field of laws, regulations and policies, but also on-site supervision from the grassroots, so as to ensure that the legal provisions can be effectively implemented, and objectively ensure that the immovable cultural relics are safe and sound.