The following takes Yongle blue and white famous product - Zhuang Jar as an example to share personal identification and research experience.
Production background. During the Yongle period (1403-1424), a total of 22 years, the political situation was stable and the economy developed. Among them, in the 18 years from the third year of Yongle to the twentieth year of Yongle (1405-1422), the imperial court sent Zheng He to lead the world's largest ocean-going fleet to the Western Ocean six times, "floating tens of thousands of miles, and going to dozens of countries", and footprints as far as the South Seas, West Asia, the Mediterranean, and East Africa, not only creating a great feat in the history of navigation, but also promoting the export of blue and white porcelain from Jingdezhen kiln and cultural and artistic exchanges. First of all, blue and white porcelain, as one of the important and precious items that Zheng He brought to the West, was not only given to the upper-class people in the area where he went, but also used to carry out external affairs. Secondly, Zheng He went to the West to bring back the high-quality cobalt material needed for firing blue and white porcelain, "Su Ma Liqing", which greatly improved the color effect of Yongle blue and white porcelain.
According to the Ming Dynasty Wang Shimao's "Peeping into the Sky and Outside the Ride" record: "Our dynasty is specially located in Jingde Town, Fuliang County, Yongle, Xuande years, the inner house burned, so far it is expensive. At that time, brown eyes and sweet white were common, Su Ma Liqing was decorated, and bright red was the treasure. Undoubtedly, the imported Su Ma Liqing created the first era of Yongle blue and white porcelain firing art.
Styling features. Zhuang Jar is named because its diameter is comparable to the size of the bottom diameter, and the abdomen is thick and round, and it is barrel-shaped. In the Qing court documents, it is also written as "hitting the can". The following is an introduction to the styling characteristics of a Yongle blue and white twined lotus pattern jar in the collection of the Beijing Art Museum.
Yongle blue and white entwined lotus pattern Zhuang jar collection of Beijing Art MuseumThis strong jar is 187 cm, diameter 11 cm, bottom diameter 98 cm. It has a round lips, a short straight neck, obliquely folded shoulders, a long round straight abdomen, and the lower abdomen is folded inward near the bottom, and the feet are circled. The shape is regular, dignified and vigorous, unpretentious, and has both practical functions and ornamental furnishings.
The remnants of the Ming Yongle blue and white entwined lotus pattern jar are now in the Beijing Municipal Institute of Cultural RelicsThe Palace Museum in Beijing also has a Yongle blue and white Zhuang jar, which is exactly the same shape as the collection of the Beijing Art Museum, and the decorative style is also similar, but the pattern layout and content are different. Taking the theme of the abdomen as an example, the collection of the Beijing Art Museum is painted with the traditional entwined lotus pattern, while the collection of the Palace Museum is painted with geometric brocade patterns, which obviously incorporates foreign cultural factors.
Ming Yongle blue and white geometric brocade Zhuang jar, now in the Palace Museum in BeijingIn addition, according to the Qing Palace's "Qianlong Chronicle", in the thirteenth year of Qianlong (1748 AD), "on the 14th day of the seventh month of the leap month, the eunuch Hu Shijie handed over a blue and white covered hit jar (with the rosewood seat) to pass the decree, and Tang Ying still made a crown frame, and there was no need to pay for it." One piece is presented with the big luck. On the fourth day of the fifth month of the 14th year, the treasurer Bai Shixiu presented a piece of blue and white brick with a lid to the big luck. Although there are not many physical objects handed down, it can be seen through the literature that the Qianlong Emperor still attached great importance to the firing of blue and white Zhuang jars, and they were all equipped with lids at that time.
Fetal glaze features. 
The characteristics of the glaze of the Ming Yongle blue and white entwined branch lotus pattern Zhuang jar are now in the collection of the Beijing Art MuseumDecorative patterns.
The decorative pattern of the Yongle blue and white twined lotus pattern in the collection of the Beijing Art Museum has seven layers, which are painted with string patterns from top to bottom.
The decoration of the Ming Yongle blue and white lotus pattern Zhuang jar is divided into seven layers and is now in the Beijing Art MuseumBlue and white are colored.
The characteristics of the blue and white flowers of Yongle of the Ming Dynasty decorated with Su Ma Liqing are now in the collection of the Beijing Art MuseumQing Dynasty and ** imitations.
The characteristics of Qing Yongzheng's imitation of Yongle blue and white are now in the collection of the Beijing Art Museum
lot 212
Qing Qianlong blue and white glaze red dragon wear a pair of floral pattern strong jars.
h:27.5 cm
rmb: 600,000-800,000
Auction record: Sotheby's Amsterdam, 20 October 1992, lot 208
The lot is exquisitely shaped, gorgeous and dignified, the fetal quality is fine and solid, the glaze is transparent, the lantern bottle is inlaid with gold color at the bottom of the mouth, the mouth of the vessel is carved with beads, the base is out of the square foot, the flowers are carved on it, the gold color is dazzling, and the luxury is rich. The outer wall of the bottle body is covered with white glaze for the ground, evenly clean and warm, the white flashes blue, the shoulder and foot walls are painted with Ruyi pattern for a week, the abdomen is decorated with blue and white glaze red painting through the flower dragon pattern, the dragon is outlined in red color, the posture is different, the mighty and vigorous, the angry eyes and sharp teeth, the tentacles flutter, the scales are wrong;The branches and leaves are painted with blue and white all around, and the flowers are painted in red color, the branches and leaves are luxuriant, natural and tactful, and the flowers are in full bloom, competing to spit out. The whole painting work is meticulous, the brushwork is elegant and smooth, the blue and white hair color is pure, the red color is bright and dazzling, and it is not easy to pass it in pairs.
This jar shape originated from the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty, dignified and generous, the carcass is hard, the glaze color is shiny, the red hair color in the glaze is pure, the blue and white color is emerald blue, and the ornamental layout is rigorous, which is a superior work in the porcelain of the Qianlong official kiln.
During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, Xiyao and Tang Ying jointly supervised the firing of the Jingdezhen Imperial Kiln Factory, and the copper red color technology was more mature, its color was bright and gorgeous, the ornament was clear and stretched, and the shape was beautiful. The Palace Museum in Beijing has a Qing Yongzheng blue and white glazed red phoenix wearing pattern Zhuang jar, which is very similar to the shape of this product.
Beijing Palace Museum collection Qing Yongzheng blue and white glaze red phoenix wear pattern Zhuang jar.
Qing Jiaqing painted gold double dragon bead pattern strong jar.
Alum red six-character regular script.
Estimate: HKD 4,500,000 - HKD 5,500,000
Price realised: HKD 7,450,000
High 326 cm.
According to the Qing Palace's "Qianlong Chronicle", in the thirteenth year of Qianlong, "on the 14th day of the seventh month of the leap month, the eunuch Hu Shijie handed over a blue and white ground covered bucket (with the red sandalwood seat) to pass the decree, and Tang Ying still burned the crown frame for use, and there was no need to pay for it. On the fourth day of the fifth month of the 14th year, the treasurer Bai Shixiu will burn a blue and white ground with a lid and a canister with the big luck.
In the early Qing Dynasty, a large number of imitation Ming Yongle blue and white porcelain appeared, especially in the Yongzheng and Qianlong periods. However, it is based on domestic Zhejiang materials to imitate the color of Yongle Suli hemp green materials, and at the same time, the method of heavy pen dyeing is used to focus on the unique black-brown crystal spots of Yongle blue and white, and the blue and white black defects do not sink into the depression of the fetal bone, which seems to be rigid and rigid. In addition, because some utensils have the imperial year of the Qing Dynasty, the characteristics of the times are clear, so it has brought great convenience to the imitation of Yongle blue and white dynasties. For those who do not have the Qing Dynasty emperor's year model imitation Yongle blue and white need to pay special attention, should be used to use the fetus, glaze, color, modeling, technology and other aspects of the combination of comprehensive identification methods for judgment and evaluation.
**Imitation of Yongle blue and white characteristics are now in the Beijing Art Museum** The period was also due to the prosperity of antique and fired imitation Yongle blue and white porcelain. **In addition to the imitation of shape, ornamentation and craftsmanship, the imitation of Yongle blue and white also deliberately molded the "Yongle Year of the Ming Dynasty", which seems to be a snake to add to the painting.
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