The lessons of the fall of the Soviet Union are manifold, and it is the end of a tragedy. The direct cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union was that on December 25, 1991, the last ** Gorbachev of the Soviet Union announced his resignation, the Soviet Union officially disintegrated, and the 15 union republics became independent sovereign states. But this is only the superficial reason, and the deep reasons behind it have accumulated over the years, including:
The degeneration and degeneration of the party's leading clique. The Communist Party of the Soviet Union was once a great Marxist party, which led the Soviet people in socialist revolution and construction, defeated fascist aggression, became a world power, and made great contributions to the international communist movement. However, the leading clique from Khrushchev to Gorbachev gradually deviated from the basic tenets of Marxism and the basic laws of scientific socialism, negated the merits of Lenin and Stalin, and pursued a series of erroneous lines, principles, and policies, with the result that the party's ideals and convictions, political orientation, organizational discipline, mass foundation, and ruling ability were seriously damaged, and the party's leading position and ruling legitimacy were challenged.
Economic stagnation and crisis. The Soviet Union used to be an economic power, and it made remarkable achievements in industry, agriculture, science and technology, and military affairs, providing a strong material guarantee for the people's livelihood and welfare. However, there were many shortcomings in the economic system of the Soviet Union, such as rigid planning, low efficiency, lack of innovation, waste of resources, lagging consumption, etc., which led to a slowdown in economic growth, a widening gap with Western countries, a decline in the people's living standards, and an increase in social dissatisfaction and unrest. Gorbachev's reforms tried to solve these problems, but they did not get to the root of the problem, but instead exacerbated the chaos and collapse of the economy.
Ethnic ** and conflict. The Soviet Union was a multi-ethnic country, which included 15 union republics such as Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Kazakhstan, as well as numerous autonomous republics, autonomous regions, and autonomous regions. The ethnic policy of the Soviet Union was an advanced system that guaranteed the equality and unity of all nationalities and laid the foundation for the development and stability of the Soviet Union. However, with the decline and crisis of the Soviet Union, the contradictions and differences of various nationalities were gradually exposed and intensified, and some nationalist and ** forces took the opportunity to become active and demanded to break away from the Soviet Union and establish an independent state. The Soviet Union adopted a weak and incompetent attitude towards this, did not effectively safeguard the unity and territorial integrity of the Soviet Union, and led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union.
International hostility and pressure. The Soviet Union was a socialist country, which had a fundamental ideological and interest opposition with the capitalist Western countries, especially the United States, and was in a state of Cold War for a long time. In order to compete with the West, the Soviet Union invested a lot of resources and energy, carried out an arms race and a space race, supported the revolutionary and liberation movements of many third world countries, and expanded its international influence and prestige. However, this also brought a heavy burden and price to the Soviet Union, consumed the economic and social vitality of the Soviet Union, and weakened the overall strength and international status of the Soviet Union. Gorbachev tried to improve the international environment and security situation of the Soviet Union through détente and cooperation with the West, but he did not receive a sincere response and respect from the West, but was used and deceived by the West, causing the Soviet Union to lose its initiative and advantage in the international community.
The lessons of the fall of the Soviet Union are manifold, and it is the end of a tragedy. This tragedy not only brought tremendous suffering and losses to the people of the Soviet Union, but also brought serious impact and challenges to world peace and development.