October 31, 2023The return capsule of the Shenzhou-16 manned spacecraft landed successfully
During this period,A number of Chinese long-range radars work togetherClosely track the final return capsule to "escort" the safety of Shenzhou 16.
As the saying goes, a mountain is more highChinese radar already has a very advanced level in the worldBut the United States and Russia are significantly stronger, it is reported that the United States has an early warning radar of 5,500 kilometers, and Russia has 6,000 kilometers!
I believe everyone is familiar with radar, but for itSpecific classificationBut it's a little confusing.
For example, some radars have a small range, only tens of kilometers, and some radars have a large range and can be extended to thousands of kilometers
Typical on-board radar].
In general, the larger the radar,The wider its searchable range.
This is mainly because:Radar is a device that emits electromagnetic wavesThe diffusion distance and performance of electromagnetic waves are the samePowerThere is a strong connection.
The larger the radar, the more powerful it is, and the farther the electromagnetic waves can spread.
This also led to:The classification of radars is very redundant,Short-range radars are generally smallerIt is usually equipped on warplanes with limited load capacityAlthough the effect is not very large, it can always see farther than the human eye.
At the same time, there are special AWACS aircraft equipped with more advanced radarsActs as the "eyes" of the fighter, the range of such radars can reach hundreds of kilometers, which is completely sufficient.
Medium-range radar is generally placed on the car, and its detection range can also reach hundreds of kilometers away, which is what we often call on-board radar.
This type of radar is included in turnMeter-wave radar, pulse radar, microwave radar, and so onThere are a lot of categories.
There is also a kind of non-up-and-downShipborne radarIt is larger than the vehicle-mounted radar and has a wider detection range, which can meet the operational needs of an aircraft carrier formation.
Shipborne radar] For example, the searchlight range of the shipborne radar on the US nuclear-powered aircraft carrier can reach an area of 1,000 kilometers away, which is in line with the combat range of the aircraft carrier.
Further up is itGround-based radarnow, thanks to such radarsHuge size,Usually not mobile.
Nevertheless, their searchlight is far enough to reach a distance of thousands of kilometersProtected against intercontinental missiles,Also the protagonist of today.
Currently,The radar with the farthest searchage range in the United States is the Pave Claw radarThis is a long-range early warning system developed by them in the 70s of the last century to deal with intercontinental missiles.
Paw radar] It is reported that the pave claw radarThe average power is around 145 kilowattsThe maximum power can reach 580 kilowatts, and the overall height of the facility is 32 meters, and the diameter is 30 meters, which is equivalent to a huge high-rise building.
This also makes the pave claw radarThe detection range can be extended up to 5550 kilometers away, with an average of 6 seconds scanning.
Taiwan Province of China has spent $1.8 billion to introduce pave claw radar, but it is a castrated version, and the monitoring distance is between 3,000 and 5,000 kilometers, and it is reported that it can cover Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia.
Although the radar in the United States can warn such a long range, it is still after allThe products of the last century have many drawbacks.
For example, the pave claw radar is a little weak for targets more than 4,000 kilometers away, and the J-16 with J-20 stealth technology can completely evade the tracking of radar waves.
At the same time, the paving claw radarThe warning height is not ideal,When radar waves come to the ionosphere (60 km high), they are highly disturbed.
In addition, the pave claw radar isIt does not have the ability to warn stealth fightersIf we say that we are doing stealth processing on ICBMs, it will not be detected at all.
However, on the whole, the level of pave claw radar is still good, at least in terms of early warning range, it is the top radar.
It's a pity that the pave claw radar does not occupy the first place in the world, and if you want to say which radar in the world has the widest warning range, it should beRussian Voronezh-DM radarWith a warning range of 6,000 kilometers, it is proud of the group.
The Voronezh-DM radar, like the American Pave Claw radar, belongsGround-based stationary radar,The body is very large.
It is reported that the Voronezh-DM radar, which can reach a maximum power of 625 kilowatts, is composed of advanced phased array radars, computers, and other modules, and is deployed in various regions of Russia's east, west, north, south, and north regions, and is an important part of its anti-missile system.
Voronezh-DM radar].
The designers of the time joked:
"If a mouse can fly, it can be locked. ”It's a pity that the Voronezh-DM radarActual combat performance may not be satisfactory, after all, if it had worked well, Moscow might not have been attacked by drones.
At the end of the day, such super-large radarsThe early warning capability for small targets is still too limitedIt can't catch up with the accuracy of small and medium-sized radars.
In this regard, the Russian Ministry of Defense said that improvements are being made to the Voronezh-DM radar!
Although China's long-range early warning radar cannot catch up with the level of the United States and Russia, it can also rank among the world's first-class.
One of the earliest long-range early warning radars in China is7010 radarIt was successfully developed in 1977.
The 7010 radar is located on the Saibei Plateau in the northwest of Hebei Province, China, with a width of 40 meters and a height of 20 meters, like a huge barrier.
7010 radarThe warning range is more than 3000 km,It was precisely when the Soviet "Cosmos"-1402 nuclear-powered reconnaissance satellite was out of control in orbit and crumblingChina's 7010 radar has the largest satellite landing siteShocked the world.
7010 radar
At the same time, the 7010 radar has also successfully passed the Soviet test launchTwo ICBMs landed on the ground, achieved many excellent results, and later retired for various reasons.
Nowadays,The P-band long-range early warning phased array radar of the electrical department replaced the 7010 radarfunctions,More than 4000 km warning rangeGreasedChinese "clairvoyance".
The P-band long-range early warning phased array radar adopts many advanced technologies, including a complex anti-missile warning module, the first synchronous transmission with optical fiber, and the introduction of intelligent design concepts, which makes this radar have high-performance anti-missile capabilities.
P-band long-range warning phased array radar].
The P-band long-range warning phased array radar of the electrical department makesChina has become the third country after the United States and Russia to have independent research and development of long-range early warning phased array radarIt is the backbone of China's national defense.
References
1] **State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission: "CETC P-band long-range early warning phased array radar is at the international leading level".
2] Communist Youth League**: Strength peek at the screen!How strong is China's radar: we can see every corner of the world