When modern science originated in the West and why modern China is backward in science and technology, we need to dig deep into many factors such as personality, culture, and system. This article will represent the original idea, keep the meaning unchanged, and organize it in a new way to be more engaging.
The Rise of Western Science: Character, Patents, and Democratic Dynamics.
The rise of science in the West began with unique character traits. Westerners are open, outgoing, and willing to share new discoveries, but they are also wary of the use of research results, which has given rise to a patent system that ensures individual research rights. Patent rights are widely recognized throughout society.
In addition, Westerners are keen to highlight individual achievements, advocate academic exchanges, and establish schools as channels for disseminating knowledge. In contrast, Chinese are traditionally more introverted, and novel inventions are often hidden, resulting in poor inheritance of science and technology. In the absence of an effective communication mechanism, the death of a scientist may mean the loss of a certain technology, which will affect the development of technology.
Political Systems and the Technological Revolution: The Fundamental Differences in Development between East and West.
In terms of political system, Western societies are relatively democratic, allowing individuals to find financial support. When economic power rose and rivaled religion, the bourgeois revolution broke out, forming capitalism. This process drives the overall development of society.
In contrast, China's imperial politics strictly controlled the economy in its own hands, and the peasants were tied to the land, limiting their social development. Hostile attitudes towards business and new technologies have led to the lack of widespread establishment of schools, making the dissemination of knowledge a daunting task. The complexity of the writing system also constrained the transition from arithmetic to mathematics and hindered the progress of science and technology.
Cultural factors: the influence of traditional civilization and ideological constraints.
Culture has a profound impact on the development of science and technology. The splendid ancient civilization often leads to the conservatism of traditional culture and resistance to new things. Traditional cultures that are too large often inhibit innovation, and challengers face severe tests. This phenomenon is reflected in Egypt, China and other places.
China is bound by Confucius and Mencian thought, inheritance is emphasized, and innovation is limited. The traditional study of the I Ching became a dogma that limited the development of science and technology. The rigidity of traditional culture has become a shackle to the development of science and technology, restricting the emergence of new cultural technologies.
Economic Drivers and Cultural Development: The Development Dynamics of the East and the West are Different.
Economic interests are a key driver of scientific and technological development. After overcoming religious constraints in the West, the interests of economic development gradually overrode everything else. In contrast, China's political system is far more constrained by economic interests than by religion. When the economic impetus is strong enough, science and technology will develop rapidly.
Western culture emphasizes rationality, and the rational culture of ancient Greece promoted the rapid development of science and technology. In contrast, the East pays more attention to the culture of the heart, pays attention to ethics and morality, and attaches importance to traditional authority. East Asia has made great achievements in the development of agricultural civilization, but it is relatively lagging behind in rational science and technology.
Multicultural Perspectives: Global Exchange and Development of Science and Technology.
Although modern science originated in the West, the development of science and technology is the product of global exchange. The Arabs preserved ancient Greek texts and promoted the rise of technology during the Renaissance. The expansion of the Mongols also brought new technological revelations to the West, breaking the theocracy of the Roman Empire.
The exchange of different regions and cultures has led to a more comprehensive development of science and technology. The history and achievements of oriental culture are not inferior, but an important part of the evolution of human civilization. In today's information age, we should embrace multiculturalism, be open-minded, and develop science and technology from different perspectives.
By reorganizing the structure and presentation of the article, it makes the article more readable and engages readers to think deeply while maintaining the original point of view.
Commentary: The pluralistic symbiosis of civilizations and the complexity of technological development.
After an in-depth interpretation of the article "Why Western science is developed, Eastern science and technology lag behind", we have a deeper understanding of the pluralistic symbiosis of civilizations and the complexity of scientific and technological development. This article not only cleverly reorganizes itself on the basis of the original text, but also deeply analyzes the historical, cultural, and political aspects involved, thus presenting a macro and multi-dimensional picture.
First of all, the article emphasizes the open-minded, outgoing character traits of Westerners when it comes to the reasons for the rise of Western science. This kind of character promotes the sharing and exchange of knowledge, and the patent system protects the innovation rights and interests of scientists to a certain extent. In contrast, China's traditional introverted nature can lead to the concealment of novel inventions and hinder the inheritance of technology. This view leads to thinking about the relationship between the individual and society in the evolution of human civilization, and whether the openness of social character has become a catalyst for scientific and technological innovation
Second, the article discusses in depth the impact of the political system on the development of science and technology. Western democracies have enabled the pursuit of economic interests to be more widely supported, and the rise of capitalism has provided a powerful impetus for technology. In contrast, the constraints of China's feudal system allowed the emperor to control the economy to his own hands, thus limiting the overall development of society. This has led to deep reflection on the interaction between politics and technology, and whether democracy has become a prerequisite for scientific and technological innovation
In addition, the article is particularly striking about cultural factors. It is a challenging question whether the splendid ancient civilization will have a negative impact on the conservatism of traditional culture, and whether the rigidity of culture restricts the development of innovation. At the same time, the article provides an in-depth interpretation of the constraints of Confucius and Mencius Thought and the I Ching on traditional culture and technology. This makes one wonder how to preserve the good tradition while stimulating the vitality of innovation
Finally, the article calls for the embrace of multiculturalism on a global scale, recognizing that the development of science and technology is a common outcome of global exchange. The pluralistic coexistence of civilizations, each with its own unique contribution, should be seen as an important driving force for the development of science and technology. This has further led to thinking about cultural integration and symbiosis in the era of globalization, and how people can progress together in a multicultural environment
Overall, this review provides a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of civilization, politics, culture and other factors on the development of science and technology through an in-depth analysis of the views in the article. In the information age, this kind of speculation that transcends culture and history is bound to help promote a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the complexity of scientific and technological development.
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