During the Anti-Japanese War, the New Fourth Army became the backbone of the Anti-Japanese War in the south. Speaking of the New Fourth Army, its predecessor was actually the Southern Guerrillas. ** After the Red Army's Long March, some armed forces were left in the south to persist in the struggle, and these guerrillas were scattered in Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces.
Chiang Kai-shek never stopped encircling and suppressing the guerrillas in the south, and the guerrillas persisted in their struggle under extremely difficult conditions. After the Xi'an Incident, especially after the "July 7" Incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated to resist JapanThe southern guerrillas came out of the mountains and integrated into the New Fourth Army, which was incorporated into the ** sequence and became an important anti-Japanese armed force.
Southern partisans).
But the Kuomintang has always wanted to get rid of this contingent led by our partyThe Southern Anhui Incident almost wiped out the New Fourth Army in Jiangnan。However, our party relied on some troops in Jiangbei to rebuild the New Fourth Army, and the New Fourth Army quickly developed and expanded.
By the time of the Liberation War, the New Fourth Army had become one of the four major field armies, the East China Field Army. Huaye showed his skills in the Battle of the Huai River, and wiped out 550,000 ** in the first battle. After that, Huaye crossed the Yangtze River and swept through the provinces of East China, making great contributions to the liberation of the Chinese people.
So, how did the New Fourth Army grow from a ragged guerrilla force scattered deep in the mountains into a heroic division that swept the world?
Battle of Huaihai).The predecessor of the New Fourth Army should start with the Red Army's Long March. After the failure of the fifth anti-encirclement campaign, the Red Army was forced to go on a long march, which was actually a strategic retreat.
But the Red Army did not withdraw entirely, and some of the armed forces remained. Moreover, in the south, a Soviet district ** sub-bureau was set up, which was responsible for leading the struggle in the Soviet districts. The main leaders of the Soviet District Bureau were Xiang Ying, **Qu Qiubai and others.
Later, the Soviet District Bureau established the ** Military Region, with Xiang Ying as the commander and political commissar, and the ** Military Region has five military regions under its jurisdiction, namely Fujian, Jiangxi, Southern Jiangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangxi Military Regions, as well as the Tenth Army Corps and the Red 24th Division directly under itThese people became the basic team of the New Fourth Army.
Xiang Ying).Chiang Kai-shek could not let go of the troops left behind. While pursuing the Red Army, a large number of troops were dispatched to clear out the remaining troops, and the Military Region made every effort to break through the encirclement. After the breakout, the troops fought guerrillas on the border of Jiangxi and Guangdong under the leadership of Xiang Ying and **, ** and *** led the guerrillas of western Fujian to fight guerrillas in southwest Fujian, and Su Yu and Liu Ying led the rest of the Red Tenth Army to fight guerrillas in southern Zhejiang.
Hundreds of thousands of **Red Army is not yet **'s opponent, and the few troops left behind are even more difficult to confront ** head-on. The guerrillas had no choice but to retreat to the mountains and deal with the **. ** Blockade of the mountainous areas, food, clothing and even salt are not allowed into the mountains.
The soldiers persevered in the struggle despite the lack of food and clothing, and the conditions were extremely difficult. Sometimes the soldiers could not eat salt for a long time, and many of them had severe edema and weakness in their limbsCoupled with the fact that they can often only eat wild vegetables, they almost reach their physiological limit
Southern partisans).
In addition to closing the mountain, the Kuomintang also implemented a strict armor protection system to cut off the guerrillas' ties with the masses. The so-called armor protection system is actually a system of joint sitting, in which as long as one of the armor protection units is found to have contact with the guerrillas, the entire unit will be punished. In order to protect themselves, the people did not dare to associate with the guerrillas, and the guerrillas fell into a desperate situation.
The team led by Xiang Ying and ** was trapped in the mountains and lost contact with ** for 3 yearsThe guerrilla units were also largely isolated from each other.
After the Xi'an Incident, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had cooperated, but Chiang Kai-shek's encirclement, suppression, and blockade of the southern guerrillas did not stop. After the "77 Incident", the Japanese army invaded on a large scale, and it was unable to deal with the guerrillasMoreover, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party had already cooperated to resist Japan, and Chiang Kai-shek stopped the attack on the guerrillas.
Ye Ting).After negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, at the end of 1937, it was decided to establish the New Fourth Army on the basis of the guerrillas in the southern provincesYe Ting served as the commander and Xiang Ying served as the deputy commander. In order to strengthen the party's leadership over the New Fourth Army, the party also established the party's New Fourth Army Branch, with Xiang Ying as secretary, and at the same time, the party also established the **Southeast Branch, also with Xiang Ying as secretary.
In fact, Xiang Ying was the supreme leader of the New Fourth Army. However, in the process of working with Ye Ting, Xiang Ying had a long-term discordant relationship between the two, which brought great passivity to the work of the New Fourth Army and laid the root cause for the fiasco of the later Southern Anhui Incident.
At that time, there were more than a dozen guerrilla units in the south, and they had been trapped in the mountains for a long timeSome of the guerrillas, expressing suspicion, even killed the representatives who were doing the work;There were even a few guerrillas who refused to accept the adaptation and continued to "occupy the mountain as the king", and were finally exterminated.
After the reorganization, the New Fourth Army was divided into four detachmentsThe commanders of each detachment were: ** Zhang Dingcheng, Zhang Yunyi and Gao Jingting, and there were more than 10,000 people in the whole army.
*)* Studying the situation in the south, it is believed that the Maoshan Mountains in Jiangsu are the most suitable for development. Later, the New Fourth Army sent troops across the river to the north, and set up a headquarters in Jiangbei, under the command of Zhang Yunyi. At the same time, the New Fourth Army also set up a command headquarters in Jiangnan, which was commanded by **.
The New Fourth Army continued to develop eastward, westward, southern, and northern, and established a number of anti-Japanese base areas in eastern Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Henan, Anhui, Suzhou, and the Soviet Union. The strength of the New Fourth Army continued to grow, and its number grew from 10,000 in the early days of its establishment to 90,000. The growth of the New Fourth Army not only frightened the Japanese invaders, but also made the Kuomintang uneasy.
The Kuomintang repeatedly created friction in an attempt to prevent the development of the New Fourth Army. Han Deqin's troops in Jiangsu launched an attack on the New Fourth Army in HuangqiaoAs a result, he was severely taught a lesson by the New Fourth Army, and it was known as the "Battle of Huangqiao" in history.
The New Fourth Army in the Southern Anhui Incident).
Later, ** led the original Jiangnan Command into Jiangbei, and merged with several troops to establish the Jiangbei CommandCommanded by **, Jiangnan mainly had a military headquarters and some directly subordinate troops at this time.
The Kuomintang was deeply concerned about the development of the New Fourth Army, and they feared the New Fourth Army even more than the Japanese army. In October 1940, He Yingqin sent a telegram ordering the New Fourth Army to go north of the Yellow River, and Commander-in-Chief Zhu sent a telegram to refute its absurdity, and on the other hand, for the sake of the overall situation, he still ordered 9,000 people of the New Fourth Army in Jiangnan to cross the river and go north.
However, the Kuomintang created the Southern Anhui Incident that shocked China and the rest of the world. When the New Fourth Army passed through the Maolin area in southern Anhui,But he was ambushed by the ** that had been ambushed for a long time.
**) In the face of sudden changes, Ye Ting convened a military meeting to study the strategy of breaking throughHowever, due to the disagreement between Ye Ting and Xiang Ying, it was impossible to make decisions in timeWhen the battlefield situation was in crisis, Xiang Ying suddenly disappeared again, which caused passivity to break through.
In the end, under the powerful offensive of 80,000 **, the New Fourth Army was scattered, and only more than 2,000 people successfully broke through. And Xiang Ying and several high-level cadres of the military department were also killed in the breakout, and Ye Ting was also detained when he was negotiating with **Ye Ting was not released until the end of the Anti-Japanese War, but unfortunately died due to a plane crash.
The Southern Anhui Incident was a ** created by the Kuomintang, causing huge losses to the New Fourth ArmyIt also dealt a heavy blow to the cause of the Anti-Japanese War.
The chiefs of Huaye)
However, the perverse actions of the Kuomintang did not prevent the further development of the New Fourth Army. After the incident in southern Anhui, our party rebuilt the military headquarters of the New Fourth Army and appointed ** as the acting commander and ** as the political commissar, and the flag of the New Fourth Army is still flying high in the south.
The New Fourth Army persisted in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in Central China, fighting against the Japanese puppet army more than 8,000 times on the one hand, destroying more than 90,000 enemies, and on the other hand, fighting against the Kuomintang diehards. In the course of the arduous struggle, the New Fourth Army continued to expand its base areas in Central ChinaIt laid a solid foundation for the final victory over the Japanese invaders.
After Japan's surrender, the headquarters of the New Fourth Army went north to Shandong, and the Third Division of Huang Kecheng entered the northeast. In 1947, based on the New Fourth Army, our army established the East China Field Army, which is often referred to as the Three Fields** Served as commander and political commissar, and Su Yu served as deputy commander.
After a long period of war tempering, Su Yu became one of the most commanding generals. In contrast, the skills of his old superiors are much inferior, and the Military Commission knows people well and is responsible for the overall situationAnd handed over the command of the army to Su Yu.
In mid-May 1947, Su Yu commanded the famous Battle of Menglianggu in ShandongIn fact, this campaign was mainly commanded by Su YuTarget. This battle is not only a beautiful battle of annihilation fought by Su Yu in his military career, but also a classic example in the history of our army, because of this battle, Huaye has been able to confront the 74th Division, the head of the five main forces, and those guerrillas who were chased all over the mountain back thenunexpectedly drove the 74th Division with American-style equipment to the top of Menglianggu Mountain, and finally annihilated all this ace division.
Meng Lianggu's victory).
The most commendable is the Huaihai Campaign。The main participating force in this battle was Huaye, and there were 4 columns in Nakano to cooperate in the operation. At this time, the commander and political commissar of Huaye were all Su Yu, and the planning and specific command of the Huaihai Campaign were mainly Su Yu.
Su Yu commanded 600,000 PLA troops against 800,000 **. In terms of numbers, our army is in a disadvantageous position, but behind our army there are millions of migrant workers to support the front line, we are fighting a people's war, and we have the specific command of Su Yu, the god of war. After fierce battles, the People's Liberation Army won a complete victory in the Huaihai Campaign, annihilating 550,000 people, almost the same as the number of participants in the battle of our army.
This battle fully demonstrated Huaye's strong combat power, and also showed the genius command ability of Su Yu, a general of the New Fourth Army.
After that, Huaye was reorganized into Sanye, and participated in the battle of crossing the river with one of the two and four fields. Sanye swept through the provinces of East China, successively liberated Nanjing, Shanghai and other large cities, and liberated southern Anhui, southern Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places.
Millions of heroes have crossed the river).
By the end of 1949, Huaye's total strength had exceeded 820,000, becoming one of the four major field armies of the People's Liberation Army.
Looking at the history of the miraculous development of the New Fourth Army, it can be seen that the New Fourth Army has developed from a dozen guerrilla units fighting on its own to a heroic division with nearly one million men.