Guangming ** reporter Jin Zhenya.
Hypersonic vehicle technology, the application of medical nanorobots in tumors, underwater unmanned rescue robots, the construction technology of deep-sea large-scale breeding platforms, and the creation and ...... of new and efficient animal vaccinesThese technologies are featured in the Global Engineering Frontiers 2023 (the "Report"), released on December 20.
Yang Baofeng, the leader of the 2023 Global Engineering Frontier Project and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, introduced that the 187 global engineering frontiers released this time are selected from 9 fields: mechanical and vehicle engineering, information and electronic engineering, chemical engineering, metallurgy and materials engineering, energy and mining engineering, civil engineering, water conservancy and construction engineering, environment and textile engineering, agriculture, medicine and health, and engineering management, including 93 engineering research frontiers and 94 engineering development frontiers.
Emerging technologies such as robotics and quantum chips continue to make breakthroughs.
Engineering technology is a major force for changing the world. Yang Baofeng introduced that the frontier of engineering refers to the key direction that has a significant impact on the future development of engineering science and technology, and has the characteristics of forward-looking, pioneering and exploratory. According to the innovation stage of the frontier, it can be divided into the frontier of engineering research focusing on theoretical exploration and the frontier of engineering development focusing on practical application.
Modern biological research has shown that birds, fish, wolves, etc., can perceive the situation of the group and make decisions consistent with the behavioral goals of the group by relying only on the acquisition of local information of the group and the information interaction with several neighboring individuals. "This provides inspiration for the development of dynamically reconfigurable mobile microrobot swarms. Yang Baofeng pointed out that complex and expensive single robots have been difficult to meet the functional requirements, and dynamic and reconfigurable mobile microrobot clusters have become an important development direction in the field of mobile robots, and have broad application prospects in intelligent manufacturing factories, regional coverage exploration and even military and other fields.
At present, China ranks first in the number of cores around the frontier of dynamic reconfigurable mobile microrobot clusters, and the United States ranks first in terms of average citation frequency. Among the core ** output institutions, the top three most cited papers are Beijing Institute of Technology, Michigan State University, and Harbin Institute of Technology.
In recent years, pan-genome research has become one of the important research directions in the field of crop genomes. According to the report, it is a combination of all DNA sequences in a species, which is of great significance for revealing the genetic diversity of crops, analyzing the evolutionary domestication history, and promoting the discovery of functional genes. At present, the assembly of multiple high-quality reference genomes of staple food crops such as corn, rice, and wheat has been completed.
Among the top ten engineering research frontiers in the field of agriculture, the number of cores related to crop pan-genome ranks first, and the citation frequency is much higher than that of the other nine research frontiers.
Breakthroughs in emerging technologies such as pan-genome, robotics, large models, quantum chips, and synthetic biology have provided new momentum for global technological and industrial innovation. Yang Baofeng said.
New technologies are accelerating the penetration and integration of various fields.
Nowadays, a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation continues to advance. "It has become the common choice of all countries to grasp the trend of scientific and technological development in the world in a forward-looking manner, accurately recognize changes, respond scientifically, and actively seek changes. Yang Baofeng said that the report focuses on interpreting 28 engineering research frontiers and 28 engineering development frontiers, analyzing major countries and major institutions and cooperative relations, and drawing a development roadmap for the next 5 to 10 years.
In the fields of chemical engineering, metallurgy and materials engineering, the low-carbon utilization of metallurgy based on renewable energy ranks first among the 11 engineering development frontiers.
The report pointed out that the whole process of mining, smelting, heat treatment and other processes in the steel and non-ferrous metallurgical industry will directly consume a large amount of fossil fuels, and with the gradual introduction of clean energy such as hydrogen energy, solar energy, and wind energy, the proportion of clean energy in the metallurgical industry has been increasing.
At present, hypersonic vehicle technology has become the focus of research in various countries. "One hour to reach any place in the world, you can quickly break through the defense, and the sky and earth can be used again and again. Yang Baofeng introduced that this is the goal of the next generation of aircraft in the future, and hypersonic vehicles are an effective equipment system to achieve this goal.
Yang Baofeng said that in recent years, interdisciplinary integration has continued to advance, and new technologies such as artificial intelligence, robotics, and renewable energy have accelerated their penetration and integration into various fields, moving towards intelligence, unmanned, precision, and low-carbon, giving birth to a new model of global science and technology and industrial innovation and development, which is also one of the characteristics of the report.
Multi-objective collaboration and multi-dimensional consideration to solve complex problems.
Frontier research is a complex and challenging task. The frontier research of global engineering is carried out by using the method of multi-round interaction between experts and data, iterative selection and judgment. Yang Baofeng introduced that the report has been supported by thousands of academicians and experts from various fields and institutions in China's engineering science and technology circles.
Chen Saijuan and Zhang Boli, academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, served as the leaders of the research group in the field of medicine and health, and the top ten engineering development frontiers they judged were T cell receptor engineered T cells ** (TCR-T), antibody-drug conjugate immunization combined with malignant tumors, single-cell spatial transcriptome technology, chimeric antigen receptor NK cells**, the application of medical nanorobots in tumors, synthetic immunology technology, small nucleic acid drug research and development, single-molecule protein sequencing technology, and the application of large language models in digital medicine. Manifest genetic editing techniques.
TCR-T is a novel cellular immunity** that can recognize more than 90% of antigens and has great potential for **tumors. How to make it widely used in clinical practice and exert the best efficacy is the direction that needs to be focused on research. The medical nanorobot, located in the fifth frontier of medicine and health, is a kind of nano-functional assembly made by nano-processing technology, which can be accurately located, diagnosed and optimized by intravenous injection in vivo. Researcher Nie Guangjun, deputy director of the National Center for Nanoscience, said that the research and development of medical nanorobots is in the early stage, but it has shown great potential in the field of anti-tumor.
In Yang Baofeng's view, at present, the frontier of engineering application is oriented to solving complex problems, multi-objective collaboration and multi-dimensionality, which has expanded the new pattern of global science and technology and industrial innovation.
It is reported that since 2017, the Chinese Academy of Engineering has organized and carried out global engineering frontier research projects every year, relying on the research team of 9 departments of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and the "Engineering" series of journals of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, researching and releasing nearly 100 global engineering research frontiers and engineering development frontiers that year, and publishing Chinese and English global engineering frontier reports every year, in order to play an academic leading role and guide the innovation and development of engineering science and technology and industry. The report was jointly released by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, Clarivate Analytics and Higher Education Press.
BEIJING, Dec. 20 (Xinhua) --
Bright**" December 21, 2023 08 edition).
*: Guangming Network - "Bright **".