Battle of ChangpingYesWarring States periodof a famous battle, and one of the generalsZhao KuoIt is often used to describe "on paper", although this metaphor givesZhao KuoBrings negative reviews, however, can we fully attribute it toZhao KuoWhat about personal abilities?In this article, we'll dive into this battle as wellZhao Kuoperformance, and the challenges he faced. Through the analysis of historical data, we can understand more comprehensivelyZhao Kuoof the actual situation.
Battle of ChangpingIt happened about 2,300 years agoWarring States period。At that time,Zhao GuowithState of QinThe contradictions between the two sides intensified, and the two sides competedGet on the partyControl of the region became the fuse. Zhao GuoThe main generalLian PoAdopt the strategy of holding on and use high walls to consume the strength of the Qin army. However, this tactic, although it was successful for a time, was also rightZhao GuoThe national strength has caused a certain amount of pressure. Zhao GuoInWarLater, they even had to borrow food from other countries to surviveWar
Zhao Wang: YesLian PoThe way of fighting is dissatisfied,State of QinPrime MinisterFan JuTake advantage of this in:Zhao GuoSpread rumors, sayZhao KuoAnd with bad intentions. King Zhao Xiaocheng was convinced of the rumors, so he decided to change generalsZhao KuoAsZhao HaoThe son was appointed as the new commander-in-chief.
The reason why King Zhao Xiaocheng chosenZhao KuoAs the main general, it is becauseZhao Haois a highly acclaimed general, andZhao KuoIt was also under his tutelage that he grew up. Zhao KuoHe has a lot of knowledge in military books, but is his ability enough to lead troops into battle?
According to historical records,Zhao KuoXi since childhoodFatherThe book of soldiers, understand the basic knowledge of marching and fighting. However, he was too arrogant and thought he was unbeatable. Zhao HaoHe had warned him that marching to war was not a simple matter and required constant adaptation and adaptation. ButZhao KuoHe didn't pay much attention to the advice, he was overconfident in his abilities and thought what he had learnedFatherThe war book is enough to solve allWarIssue. He's even rightZhao HaoThe insights felt disdainful and thought they were betterZhao HaoMore talented.
However, it was this arrogant and overconfident attitude that led him to beBattle of Changpingfell into a passive situation. Zhao KuoToo greedy for the results of the first battle, take the initiative to lead the army to attack, andState of QinThe main generalWhite upIt has been prepared for a long time. He first lured the Zhao army with a feint, and then sent an army around the rear of the Zhao army, forming an encirclement trend. Immediately after,White upHe also led the cavalry to divide the Zhao army in two, causing it to fall into chaos. Finally,White upcut off the grain route of the Zhao army, leaving the Zhao army starving. After more than forty days of fighting, the Zhao army was demoralized due to hunger and was finally defeated. Zhao KuoHimself was killed in this battle.
Battle of ChangpingAs a result:Zhao GuoThe fiasco, according to the history books,Zhao GuoAbout 450,000 people were captured. However,State of Qindid not escape losses, and according to historical records, more than half of the Qin army was killed and wounded.
Zhao KuoPerformance in this campaign was not entirely the reason for the defeat. First of all, we cannot ignore the responsibility of King Zhao Xiaocheng for rashly changing generals. Zhao KuoYes, indeedWarshowed some deficiencies, but he also tried to put in the effort to defend. After all, in the face of experiencedState of QinCommanderWhite up, it is difficult for any general to achieve victory.
In addition,Battle of ChangpingThe strategic situation of the pairZhao GuoIt's very disadvantageous. Zhao GuowithState of QinExpandWarDuring this period, King Zhao only confronted King Qin and did not actively seek foreign aid. WhileState of QinThe strategy of devoting the whole country to the campaign was adopted, including all men over the age of fifteen. In terms of military strength,State of QinFar betterZhao Guo
In summary,Zhao KuoThe reality is not that he is a mediocre person as portrayed in the conventional wisdom. He's inWarAlthough he was defeated, he also showed a certain amount of hard work and courage. Zhao KuoCan it be inWarIn victory, largely receivedWarThe situation as well as Zhao Xiaocheng's kingDecision-makingimpact.
The idiom "talking on paper" first appeared in the early Ming DynastyLiteratureHomeZhang PuIn the "Teacher's and Friend's Lonely Yang Hall Collection", the idiom is ** inZhao Kuo。In this work,Zhang PuRightZhao KuoHe was criticized for understanding only military theories in books, but not in practiceWar. Therefore, he willZhao KuoDescribed as "on paper".
The meaning of this idiom refers to the fact that they only understand theory and lack practical experience, and cannot actually operate or solve problems. It is often used to describe people who only talk about theory but lack practical ability.
By passingZhao KuowithBattle of ChangpingThe analysis of which we can see the traditional generalsZhao KuoThe argument described as "on paper" is not entirely accurate. Zhao KuoInWarThe failure cannot be attributed solely to his personal ability, but suffersWarThe situation and Zhao Xiaocheng Wang'sDecision-makingimpact. Zhao KuoInWarHe also showed a certain amount of hard work and courage. In addition, the idiom "on paper" tells us that people who only understand theory and lack practical experience are often unable to solve practical problems.