Ankerui Zhang Tiantian.
Summary:The intelligent O&M system based on the Internet of Things has more advantages than the traditional power grid, which can realize functions such as information acquisition, data integration, state awareness, and differentiated O&M, providing a strong guarantee for the safe operation of the power system. **The theoretical basis and main framework of the power Internet of Things are analyzed, and the intelligent operation and maintenance technology of the power distribution system is analyzed. Using the advantages of Internet of Things technology, a smart distribution network management system based on the Internet of Things is built, which can monitor the distribution network in real time, effectively solve the existing problems, and ensure the safety and reliability of the distribution network.
Keywords:Power distribution system;Power Internet of Things;Smart Operation;Maintenance technology.
0 Introduction. The Internet of Things (IoT) technology aims to build a network that can communicate between power users, power generation companies and business owners, monitor the electricity market, and improve work efficiency and competitiveness. Based on this concept, the power Internet of things focuses on the organic combination of "energy flow", "information volume" and "business flow" to provide users with real-time and accurate data, and improve the scientific development of enterprise distribution network and the security and stability of distribution network system. In order to achieve the stable development of the distribution network, it is necessary to continuously improve the intelligent operation and maintenance management technology, greatly reduce the system risk, ensure power safety, and achieve reliability.
1. The architecture of the power Internet of Things.
1.1. Perceptual layer.
In the power Internet of Things, the perception layer plays the role of nerve endings, which can perceive the operating status of the system and give early warning of unexpected situations in the system. Through the intellectualization of the distribution system, transformers, meters and other terminal equipment are incorporated into the sensing layer, and the risk assessment of the perception layer is used to further improve the anti-risk ability of the smart distribution network. The following diagram shows the multi-level structure of the power Internet of Things, which can meet different application needs.
1.2. Network layer.
The network layer plays a vital role in the power Internet of Things, ensuring the stability and reliability of the network, and is mainly divided into two types: internal private network and external Internet. With the development of technology, the way of communication has changed dramatically, which will directly affect the overall performance of the system. Power line carrier and 230MHz wireless transmission technology have been widely used in the field of power communication to improve network performance. Security management at the power IoT network layer is critical to not only prevent intrusions, but also ensure the proper functioning of the entire intelligent distribution system. In order to effectively reduce the risk of Internet attacks in the intelligent configuration system, a variety of different communication protocols need to be used.
1.3 platform layers.
The powerful functions of the IoT platform layer make it easier to interact and integrate system data, and the use of big data storage and analysis technology can more handle the fragmented information storage in the traditional energy production mode and eliminate information silos. With the help of the best information platform and cloud data, the real-time collection and processing of power grid operation data can be realized, so as to ensure the safety and reliability of the power grid, and better promote the development of the power industry through the power data sharing mechanism.
1.4. Application layer.
The application layer can realize a variety of services, such as providing energy services to customers, maintaining power networks, and managing integrated energy systems. Under the guidance of the application layer, users can interact with the intelligent power distribution system in real time and obtain complete system data information.
2. Key technologies of power Internet of Things for power distribution and consumption systems.
2.1. Key technologies of the perception layer.
The perception layer ensures the accuracy of the information obtained by the system and enables rapid responses. The monitoring range of the perception layer of the modern intelligent power distribution system is getting wider and wider, and the complexity of the monitoring data is getting higher and higher. Innovation should be strengthened to meet the diverse needs of the intelligent power distribution system and improve the operational efficiency and reliability of the system. When developing new power IoT devices, factors such as size, environmental conditions and electromagnetic compatibility should be fully considered to achieve better results and meet the development needs of the power industry. In order to better monitor the power distribution system equipment, it is necessary to improve the sensor setting scheme, and make full use of the advantages of various sensors to improve the overall perception effect of the perception layer according to the deployment idea of spatial tetrahedral sensor nodes.
2.2. Key technologies at the network layer.
There are many different types of services in information transmission that require the support of a power distribution communication system. With the increasing number of available interfaces, the amount of ubiquitous information and the diversity of data continue to rise. It has become inevitable to develop a strong routing strategy to support ad hoc networks, and it is necessary to ensure the control of the underlying access network and the timely transmission of status information. In order to give full play to the potential of the network, people continue to explore new technical means, propose corresponding algorithms, and propose topological potential methods based on the coupling relationship between the distribution network system and the communication system to realize the collaborative planning between systems. With the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, it is necessary to pay full attention to the information security risks associated with it to achieve secure access and information control. The application of a series of technologies is the key to solving these problems, including data encryption, secure routing, identity authentication and access control.
2.3. Key technologies at the platform layer.
The key technologies include data fusion technology and data storage technology, which can accelerate the aggregation and sorting of large-scale system data and realize the greater value of data. With the support of data fusion technology, the data information of the distribution system can be effectively integrated at three levels, namely the data layer, the feature layer and the decision-making layer. In addition, a variety of fusion methods, such as weighted average, cluster analysis and Bayesian estimation, can also play a certain role. NoSQL is a technology widely used in the field of data storage, including large-scale data storage models such as BigTable, F1, and Cosmos, which can effectively support complex data processing and analysis. At present, the monitoring coverage of smart distribution network is limited, and it is necessary to vigorously develop data analysis technology at the platform layer to achieve data sharing.
2.4. Key technologies of the application layer.
In the application layer of the power Internet of Things, situational awareness and active optimization operation are the core technologies. Situational awareness technology can detect and effectively identify potential security risks in a timely manner, and take necessary measures to deal with them. The situational awareness of intelligent distribution network can be divided into three stages, namely observation, understanding and **, to ensure the best performance of the whole system. The use of active optimization operation technology can implement reasonable power supply adjustment according to user needs, better meet user needs, effectively improve user satisfaction, enhance the economic benefits of power enterprises, and realize the sustainable development of intelligent power distribution system.
3. The application of intelligent operation of the power distribution system of the power Internet of Things.
3.1. Monitoring and risk assessment of distribution network operation status.
Currently, there is not enough information technology support in the decision-making process of the distribution network, so repairs are carried out when power equipment fails. The emergence of new loads makes the safety and reliability of the distribution network face greater challenges, the power Internet of things technology provides a guarantee for the intelligent operation of the distribution system, can instantly check the operation status of the power installation, evaluate its impact on the distribution network, eliminate the possible risk of timing error, and enrich the detection means. In a stable communication system, different inspections can be carried out through the station to detect faults in time. It can also assess network security risks, extract and analyze the historical data of distribution network operation, estimate on-site risks, discover vulnerable systems in a timely manner, and use artificial intelligence technology to improve the stability of power supply.
3.2. Coordinated operation of power distribution system planning and comprehensive energy.
In order to meet people's daily needs, it is necessary to plan and build infrastructure such as electricity, transportation, heating, and gas. The power Internet of Things can realize the effective management of various resources such as electricity, pneumatic power, water power, and heat power, and effectively allocate and coordinate and optimize them, which can provide support for the sustainable development of cities. With the rapid development of China's power industry, various different types of energy are increasingly integrated, and a large number of collaborative utilization has emerged, and it is an urgent problem to improve the flexibility and autonomy of the smart distribution network. In the future, the distribution network will be combined with other systems to adapt to the needs of integrated energy use. Under the architecture of the Internet of Things, the distribution network has a high degree of autonomy, based on the various big data it perceives, builds a high-precision comprehensive distribution and model of the distribution network, and improves the flexibility of the distribution network in a non-stationary environment with the help of edge computing. Combined with cloud computing technology, a variety of different types of energy are analyzed to achieve rational utilization. Through the big data analysis of the power system, a power runaway distribution model is established to better grasp the operation status of the power system. Use the Internet of Things technology to calculate, establish distributed power generation and energy storage system, and accurately control the user load. Big data processing technology is used to refine the classification of wind and solar turbines, adjust the distribution network more accurately, and obtain effective data.
3.3. Personalized energy service for users.
In the traditional distribution network, the user receiving terminal can only passively participate in the operation of the distribution network, although the time-of-use price can transfer the electricity from the peak to the trough, and maximize the use of electric energy, but this method is not perfect. The application scope of IoT technology continues to expand, and its terminals and networks can establish closer connections with users, such as adding rooftop photovoltaic power stations and installing small wind turbines to broaden the way users can obtain electricity. With the popularization of smart terminals, such as smart air conditioners, water heaters and electric vehicles, the power consumption information is constantly changing, and it will become an important information for the power Internet of Things**. The distribution network needs to provide customers with diversified services, guide customers to participate in the operation of the distribution network, and take customized personalized services as the core to achieve the optimal configuration of the distribution network and improve the stability of the distribution network. The electricity price adjustment mechanism is an incentive for electricity customers, through the establishment of a hierarchical distribution network architecture, the resources on the grid side and the equipment on the user side are effectively integrated together, so as to achieve the goal of integrated dispatching. For example, the building HVAC, refrigerator, water heater and other microgrid connection structures with resource balance are calculated, and their power is calculated to achieve effective adjustment of the power distribution network, so as to effectively control the construction investment cost of the energy storage system and achieve the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction.
4. Operation and maintenance technology of power distribution system.
4.1. Periodic maintenance technology.
In order to effectively solve the problems in the operation of the power distribution system, the application of periodic maintenance technology should be strengthened, regular inspections should be carried out in accordance with the regulations, and the problems existing in the intelligent operation should be found and dealt with in a timely manner to ensure the safety and stability of the system. In order to better play the role of periodic maintenance technology, ensure its wide coverage and achieve a better level of refinement, the linkage between inspection and maintenance and the intelligent operation of the power distribution system is continuously strengthened. All departments work together to complete the intelligent operation and maintenance of the power distribution system, and give full play to the important role of periodic maintenance technology.
4.2. Special maintenance technology.
If a potential safety hazard is found during the monitoring of the power distribution system, it is necessary to analyze its manifestations and impacts, formulate appropriate maintenance plans, reduce risks, and ensure that the operation of the power distribution system meets the needs of the power Internet of Things. The power distribution system is more complex, involving many equipment, it is necessary to establish a complete intelligent management system, monitor all equipment, find faults in time, and ensure the normal operation of the system. Make full use of the power Internet of Things technology, greatly improve the intelligent operation and fault maintenance level of the distribution network, and effectively promote the intelligent development of the power industry.
5 Acrel-EIOT Energy IoT Cloud Platform.
1) Overview. ACREL-EIOT Energy IoT Open Platform is a set of platforms based on the IoT data platform, establishing a unified uplink and downlink data standard, and providing Internet users with energy IoT data services. Users only need to purchase Accuray IoT sensors, select gateways, and scan the code to get the required industry data services using mobile phones and computers after self-installation.
The platform provides functions such as data cockpit, electrical safety monitoring, power quality analysis, power management, prepaid management, charging pile management, intelligent lighting management, abnormal event alarm and recording, operation and maintenance management, and supports multi-platform, multi-language, and multi-terminal data access.
2) Application site.
This platform is suitable for apartment tenants, chain small supermarkets, small factories, building management system integrators, small properties, smart cities, substations, buildings, communication base stations, industrial energy consumption, smart light towers, power operation and maintenance and other fields.
3) Platform structure.
4) Platform features.
Electricity collection. The power centralized reading module can realize the query, analysis, early warning and comprehensive display of various monitoring data to ensure the environmental friendliness of the distribution room. In terms of intelligence, the telemetry of the power supply and distribution monitoring system is realized', remote signaling, remote control, comprehensive detection and unified management of the system;In terms of data resource management, it can display or query the operation of each equipment in the power supply and distribution room (including historical and real-time parameters, and according to the actual situation, monthly and annual reports can be queried or printed, so as to improve work efficiency and save human resources.
Transformer monitoring.
Power distribution diagram. Energy consumption analysis.
The energy consumption analysis module adopts automation and information technology to realize the automation and scientific management of the whole process from energy data collection, process monitoring, energy medium consumption analysis, energy consumption management, etc., so that the whole process of energy management, energy production and use is organically combined, and the data processing and analysis technology is used to carry out offline production analysis and management, so as to realize the unified scheduling of the energy system of the whole plant, optimize the balance of energy medium, effectively use energy, and improve energy quality. Reduce energy consumption, achieve the purpose of energy saving and consumption reduction and improve the overall energy management level.
Overview of energy consumption. 
Prepaid management.
1) Login management: manage operator accounts and authority allocation, view system logs and other functions;
2) System configuration: configure the building, communication management machine, instrument and default parameters;
3) User management: Perform operations such as account opening, account cancellation, remote opening and closing, batch operation and record query for shop users
4) Electricity sales management: remote electricity sales, power withdrawal, correction and record query for the tables that have been opened;
5) Water sales management: remote water sales, water withdrawal, record query and other operations for the tables that have been opened;
6) Reports: Provide electricity sales, water sales financial statements, energy consumption reports, alarm reports and other queries, all reports and records of the system can be exported in excel format.
Prepaid Kanban boards.
Charging pile management.
Through the Internet of Things technology, the charging pile site and each charging pile connected to the system are continuously collected and monitored, and at the same time, a series of faults such as over-temperature protection of the charger, over-voltage of the input and output of the charger, under-voltage, insulation detection fault, etc. are warned. The cloud platform includes all the functions of charging charging and charging pile operation, including city-level large screen, transaction management, financial management, transformer monitoring, operation analysis, basic data management and other functions.
Charging pile kanban.
Smart lighting. Through the Internet of Things technology, intelligent lighting conducts uninterrupted data monitoring of the power consumption status of indoor lighting, urban street lights and other lighting circuits installed in various areas of the city, and can also realize timing switch strategy configuration and background remote management and mobile management, etc., reducing the maintenance difficulty and cost of street lighting facilities, improving the management level, and achieving a certain effect of energy saving and hanging.
Monitor the page. Safe use of electricity.
The use of self-developed residual current transformers, temperature sensors, and electrical fire detectors for safe electricity use to carry out uninterrupted data tracking and statistical analysis of the main factors that cause electrical fires (wire temperature, current and residual current), and push the information of various hidden dangers found to the enterprise management personnel in a timely manner, so as to guide the enterprise to realize the investigation and management of time, so as to eliminate potential electrical fire safety hazards and achieve the purpose of "prevention before it happens".
Smart fire protection. Through the cloud platform, data analysis, mining and trend analysis are carried out to help achieve the goals of scientific fire early warning, grid management, and the implementation of multi-responsibility supervision. Originally, in view of the blank that "nine small places" and hazardous chemical production enterprises could not be effectively monitored, it was adapted to all public and private construction buildings, realized the unmanned on-duty smart fire protection, and realized the actual needs of "automation", "intelligence", "systematization" and "refinement" of power management of smart fire protection.