Bai Juyi was a great poet of the Middle and Tang dynasties, and his poetic ideas and poetry creations occupy an important position in the history of Chinese poetry with his prominent emphasis on popularity and realism. Among the four types of poems divided by Bai Juyi himself, such as irony, leisure, sentimentality, and miscellaneous rhythms, the first two categories embody his "dedication and always" way of both benevolence and benevolence, so they are most valued. And his poetic ideas are mainly based on the creation of early satirical poems.
As early as Yuan Hechu's "Celin", Bai Juyi showed itIt is realistic, popular, and ironicof tendencies. The function of the poem is:Punish the evil and persuade the good, and make up for the current affairs, the means of poetry isThe beauty of the thorn praises and disparages, and the scorn is ironic, so he opposes leaving the content and simply pursuing "palace law high" and "strange words", and even more opposes the gorgeous poetic style of "mocking the wind and the moon and making flowers and plants" since Qi Liang. In the Preface to Xin Yuefu, he clearly pointed out that the standard for composing poetry is that the language must be simple and popular, the discussion must be straightforward and revealing, the writing must be absolutely false and innocent, and the form must be fluent and smooth, with the color of a ballad. In other words, poetry must be written in a way that is both authentic and credible, easy to understand, and easy to sing about.
Bai Juyi's above requirements for poetry have only one purpose, that isSupplementary inspection of current affairs,Do it for the time and for the thing, and the first thing is to "do it for the king". He wrote a large number of satirical poems that reflected the sufferings of the people's livelihood, but the overall direction was "only songs give birth to the people's diseases, and I wish the Son of Heaven would know". Because only by hearing the people's feelings to the heavens, and the emperor opening up the cover, and reaching the people's feelings, will politics tend to be quiet.
From rewriting realism, still popular, emphasizing satire, to advocating writing for the king and the people, Bai Juyi put forward a systematic theory of poetry. this theoryWith its outstanding realistic pertinence and popularization tendency, it is possible to bring poetry closer to social reality, to the point of intervening in politics. This theory is the direct inheritance of the traditional Confucian poetic theory, and it is also a further development of Du Fu's creative path of writing about current affairs.
From the point of writing about current affairs, Bai Juyi and Du Fu are the same;However, Du Fu only writes about what he sees and feels, and integrates the suffering of the people with the pathos of his own suffering. The difference between Bai Juyi and Du Fu lies in the fact that he takes "for the king" as the main purpose of poetry, which greatly highlights the realistic utilitarian color of poetry and introduces poetry into a narrow road.
Because of the excessive emphasis on the satirical function of poetry, poetry is equated with admonitions and recitals, so that the image of many poems is replaced by satirical reasoning and argumentation. Due to the narrow and strict evaluation criteria, a large number of outstanding writers and works that do not meet this standard in history have been excluded. All of this had a certain adverse impact on the time and future generations.
[Li Fan keywords:It rewrites realism, is still popular, praises and disparages the beauty and, and emphasizes the irony and irony, emphasizing the irony, the pertinence of reality, and the tendency of popularization
[Li Fan said:The core purpose of Bai Juyi's poetry theory is to supplement the current affairs, and he rewrites realism, is still popular, emphasizes the tendency of satirical creation, and puts forward the poetic means of praise and disparagement, and satire, all of which serve his purpose. This realistic proposition has its advanced significance, but it also has its drawbacks, and we should analyze it dialectically and look at it comprehensively.