Throughout history, controversy over the Treaty of Nebuchu has persisted. Many people believe that this is a loss of power and humiliation of the Qing Dynasty, however, is this a **treaty?Let's take a fresh look at this history.
A controversial article in the history of the Qing Dynasty about the Treaty of Nebuchu, most people believe that it was a humiliating treaty because the Qing Dynasty gave up its rights and interests in the Far East after defeating Tsarist Russia. This article attempts to revisit the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu and challenge some conventional views on this historical event.
Kangxi's determination and dilemma.
First, we need to understand the historical background behind the Treaty of Nebuchu. In the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth years of Kangxi, the Qing army fought two Yaksa battles with Tsarist Russia, and finally the Qing army was victorious. The war was not massive, but its impact was far-reaching. Kangxi faced a series of challenges such as the huge consumption of national strength, the pacification of the rebellion of the three feudatories, and the collapse of the Ming and Zheng regimes. More severely, however, the Dzungar Khanate in the northwest became a threat to the Qing Dynasty.
Dzungaria was a great power in Central Asia at the time, and Kangxi had to deal with this threat strategically. Taking into account the strength of the Qing Dynasty itself and the danger of the situation, Kangxi decided to quickly resolve the contradictions with Tsarist Russia in order to concentrate his forces against Dzungaria. This decision was not an abandonment of the Far East, but a wise choice made under the pressure of the situation.
Ownership before demarcation.
Before examining the Treaty of Nebuchu, we need to understand the actual state of the land before the demarcation. Before the treaty was signed, the land did not have a clear ownership, and could even be said to be a "terra nullius". The Qing Dynasty did not establish the concept of a state border in the northern frontiers, which were mainly inhabited by Tsarist Russia and Mongol-Buryat Mongols.
In fact, this land was an area under the de facto control of Tsarist Russia at that time. Tsarist Russia established a stronghold here and made an agreement with the local chieftain of Horitumert. Thus, before the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu, this land had been under the de facto control of Tsarist Russia for fifty or sixty years. From this point of view, the Qing Dynasty signed the treaty to ensure peace and stability in the Far East, not to "rob the outside world".
Content and meaning of the treaty.
Now, let's look at the specifics of the Treaty of Nebuchu. The core content of the treaty includes the division of the tributaries of the Heilongjiang River, the Ergun River, Yaksa and other places. Judging from the content of the treaty, the Qing Dynasty relinquished control of part of the Far East, but this was based on the actual situation and Kangxi's overall strategic considerations.
The limits of the territory that the Qing Dynasty could control.
Finally, we need to understand that in ancient times, there was a limit to how much a state could control its territory. The Qing Dynasty faced the threat of Dzungaria, and Kangxi knew that the cost of expanding into Siberia would be too high. There are many examples in history that nations that expand in spite of power will eventually lead to their demise.
Faced with complex strategic considerations, Kangxi made a wise choice to maintain Qing stability in the Far East by signing the Treaty of Nebuchu. This choice both protected the Qing dynasty and avoided the danger of simultaneous war with Tsarist Russia and Dzungaria.
Conclusion. 
When revisiting the Treaty of Nebuchu, we should understand why the Qing Dynasty made this decision based on the historical context of the time and Kangxi's overall strategy. This was not a humiliating treaty, but a wise choice of the Qing Dynasty in a difficult situation. Through in-depth analysis, we can understand this period of history more comprehensively and go beyond traditional perceptions to better understand the truth of historical events.
Revisiting the Treaty of Nebuchu: Kangxi's Wise Decision.
This paper deeply analyzes the historical event of the Treaty of Nebuchu, tries to subvert the traditional view, and re-understands why the Qing Dynasty signed this treaty through the analysis of the strategic considerations and the international situation in the Kangxi era. Here, I comment on this article, expanding on several aspects.
First, the article provides a detailed interpretation of Kangxi's decision-making, emphasizing the multiple threats faced by the Qing Dynasty at that time. Under the pressure of the pacification of the rebellion of the three feudatories and the fall of the Ming and Zheng regimes, Kangxi had to face the threat of Dzungaria in the northwest. In this strategic environment, Kangxi, as a wise ruler, made the decision to concentrate on solving internal worries. This is crucial to understanding the motivation behind the Treaty of Nebuchu.
Secondly, the article provides a detailed analysis of the pre-demarcation ownership, pointing out that before the signing of the treaty, this land was actually controlled by Tsarist Russia. By revealing the actual situation of terra nullius, the article gives readers a better understanding of the geopolitical realities faced by the Qing Dynasty at the time. This objective historical restoration helps readers to have an objective understanding of events.
In its analysis of the content of the treaty, the article emphasizes that the Qing Dynasty was not in fact a "robbery", but a concession made on the premise of maintaining peace and stability in the Far East. By signing the treaty, the Qing dynasty gained neutrality between the Far East and Dzungaria, which was interpreted as a wise choice for Kangxi in the context of the limited national power at the time. This kind of decision-making, which takes the overall interests of the country as the starting point, is of positive significance for maintaining the long-term peace and stability of the Qing Dynasty.
Finally, the article provides a profound analysis of the limits of the territory that the Qing Dynasty could control. By comparing the efforts and achievements of the Ming emperors in controlling the frontier, this paper points out the practical constraints faced by the ancient states in terms of territorial expansion. The Qing dynasty during the Kangxi era had an upper limit to the territory it was able to securely control, and beyond that limit would lead to an excessive drain of national power, which could ultimately have devastating consequences. This is crucial to understanding the reasons for the signing of the Treaty of Nebuchu.
In summary, this article provides readers with a perspective on the Treaty of Nebuchu through an in-depth historical analysis. Through the in-depth analysis of the strategic decision-making, geopolitical reality and territorial control limits of the Kangxi era, readers can understand this historical event more comprehensively and move towards a more profound and objective understanding of the history of the Qing Dynasty.
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