1. Systematic classification
For example, the online payment system can be classified according to different classification standards, for example, it can be classified according to different criteria such as the content transmitted by the payment data flow (whether it is an instruction or electronic money), the physical nature of the e-commerce, and the scale of the payment amount.
1) The content transmitted by the payment data stream can be divided into two categories: payment systems similar to payment instructions and payment systems similar to electronic money transfers.
2) According to the nature of the entity carrying out e-commerce, it can be divided into two categories: B2C payment system and B2B payment system.
3) According to the scale of the payment amount, it is divided into three categories: micropayment system, consumer-level payment system and commercial-level payment system.
2. Characteristics of the online payment system
For a practical online payment system, it should have the following basic functions and features:
1) Instant settlement function. This is the most basic function of the online payment system, that is, to make customers and merchants feel fast, so as to reflect the efficiency of e-commerce and give full play to the advantages of online payment.
2) Safety and security function. When providing services, the online payment system can use encryption technology to encrypt the relevant payment information, so as to prevent unauthorized third parties from obtaining the information, that is, it should be able to use digital signatures and digital certificates to authenticate the participating parties to confirm the legitimacy of the identity;Payment fraud prevention should be able to confirm the integrity of payment information using a digital digest, i.e., a digital fingerprint algorithm, to protect the data from being created, embedded, deleted, tampered with, replayed, etc., by unauthorized persons, but to reach the recipient in its entirety.
3) Credit evaluation function. The online payment system should be able to provide customers and merchants with relevant credit assessment information or provide corresponding guarantees on their own credit, so as to guarantee the non-repudiation of the relevant actions in the event of payment disputes. This can be achieved using technologies such as digital signatures.
4) Convenient and easy-to-use functions. The entire online payment and settlement process should be convenient and easy to use for all parties involved, especially for customers, and the procedures and processes should not be too cumbersome.
5) Multilateral payment function. Online payment involves multiple parties such as customers, merchants and banks, in which the transmitted shopping information and payment information must be connected together, because the merchant will continue the transaction only after confirming the payment information, and the bank will only provide payment after confirming the shopping information. However, at the same time, the merchant cannot read the customer's payment information, and the bank cannot read the merchant's order information. This relationship of multilateral payments can be achieved through technologies such as dual digital signatures.
Compared with the common use of "three bills, one card and one cash" (check, cashier's check, bill of exchange, credit card, cash) in traditional commerce, the main characteristics of online payment are:
1) Complete the transmission of relevant payment information through advanced and accurate digital streaming;
2) the use of state-of-the-art means of communication;
3) It has the advantages of convenience, speed, efficiency and economy
4) With high security and consistency, online payment is easier to protect the payment information of buyers and sellers, and protect buyers and sellers from being impersonated.
3. The basic composition of the network payment system
The process of online payment involves secure business interactions between customers, merchants, banks, and authentication departmentsClient:It refers to a transaction relationship with a merchant and the existence of an unliquidated creditor's rights and debts, which is generally a party to the debt. The customer initiates a payment with the payment instrument owned by 2, which is the reason and starting point for the operation of the online payment system.
Merchant:It is the other party to a commodity transaction with a creditor's right that can request monetary payments from the financial system based on a payment order initiated by a customer. This process is generally handled by the merchant's backend server.
Customer's bank:Refers to the bank in which the customer has a funding account, which provides a bank credit as well as a payment instrument.
Merchant Bank:Refers to the bank in which the merchant opens an account, and its account is where the funds flow throughout the payment process. After the merchant submits the customer's payment instruction to its opening bank, the opening bank will make the request for payment authorization and the clearing between the merchant opening bank and the customer's opening bank.
Payment Gateways:It is a secure interface between the network and the bank's internal financial private network, and the payment information must enter the bank payment system through the payment gateway, so as to complete the authorization and acquisition of payment.
Financial Private Network:It is a network for communication within and between banks, and has a high level of security.
Accreditation Body (CA):It is mainly responsible for issuing digital certificates for customers, merchants, payment gateways, and banks to confirm the true identity of all parties and ensure the security of online payment. Similar to the role of the Bureau of Industry and Commerce in traditional commerce.
In addition to the above-mentioned participants, the composition of the online payment system also includes the payment instruments used in the payment and the payment protocols followed. Online payment tools are commonly used bank cards, electronic cash, electronic money, etc. Payment protocols (such as SSL and SET) stipulate the rules for the flow of information and the mode of security protection in the process of online payment.