The Mongolian people, an ethnic group originating from the depths of the steppe, have a long history and profound cultural heritage. Their origins and development are an epic full of legends and glories, showing the unique charm and perseverance of the nomads.
I. Early Origins and Evolution.
The origins of the Mongols can be traced back to the ancient Donghu people, a nomadic people contemporaneous with the Xiongnu. In the 4th century AD, a group of Xianbei people living west of the Xing'an Mountains was called "Murowei". The first appearance of the "Mengwu Murwei" in the "Old Tang Book" is the earliest record of the Mongolian nationality in historical documents. At this time, the Mongols were still a member of the Murwei tribes.
Over time, the ancestors of the Mongols gradually grew and grew. By the 12th century AD, as the clan and number grew, they were distributed in the Krulun River, the Onon River, the Kent Mountains, and other places. In the process, the southward migration of the Oghas and the westward migration of the Uighurs provided an opportunity for the expansion of the Mongols. The ancestors of the Mongolian people took advantage of the weakness and moved into the Mobei grassland in a big way, and gradually grew on this basis.
2. Tribal alliance and unification.
In the course of the development of the Mongols, a number of large tribes were formed, such as the Qiyan tribe, the Zataran tribe, the Taichiwu tribe, the Wuliang tribe, etc., as well as the Tatar tribe and the Mierqi tribe. These tribes developed separately on the steppe, while also competing and fighting with each other.
In the 12th century, a great leader was born in the Mongolian steppe, and he was Genghis Khan. Genghis Khan, with his superior leadership and military strategy, gradually unified the Mongol tribes. In 1206 AD, at the Kuriltai Congress, Temujin was elected as the Great Khan of the Mongols, called Genghis Khan, and established the powerful Mongol Khanate. This event marked the complete formation and unification of the Mongol nation.
3. The rise and influence of the Mongol Khanate.
With the establishment of the Mongol Khanate, its territory expanded rapidly, encompassing vast areas of the northeast, the Mongolian steppe, and even parts of Siberia. The influence of the Mongols has also spread to other parts of the world. The Mongol conquest not only changed the political landscape of Eurasia, but also promoted cultural exchanges and technological progress.
In terms of science and culture, the Mongolian nationality has shown a high degree of development, and its dance occupies an important position in the field of art. In addition, "The Secret History of Mongolia", "The History of Mongolia" and "The Origin of Mongolia" are known as the three historical masterpieces of the Mongolian people, among which "The Secret History of Mongolia" has been identified as a world-famous cultural heritage by UNESCO.
To sum up, the origin and development of the Mongolian nationality is a long historical scroll full of challenges and achievements. From the initial Murowei branch, to the unification and strength of Genghis Khan, to the rise and influence of the Mongol Khanate, the Mongols have shaped an indelible chapter in history with their unique nomadic culture and perseverance. Although the way of life in modern society has changed, the traditions and spirit of the Mongolian people are still alive and well in the steppe.