Since ancient times, human beings have maintained their health with whole grains, but they always have to face the problem of excretion. Manure disposal has always been the top priority in urban construction. Some people once joked that if you can travel to Chang'an City in the Tang Dynasty and stroll through the streets in summer, the first feeling must be a pungent smell.
In that era, Chang'an City used open channels for sewage discharge, and the streets were flanked by open ditches. Early in the morning, the first task for residents is to dump the excrement accumulated last night into the ditch. In the summer heat, under the sun, Chang'an City is filled with an unavoidable stench.
Nowadays, however, we live in cities with a superior physical environment and a toilet and toilet in every household. A well-established sewer system discharges waste into closed septic tanks, which are cleaned regularly by municipal staff. These were unimaginable luxuries for ancient times and even ** periods.
A shocking review of the ancient capital fecal tract: the problem of defecation in Beijing before the Ming Dynasty.
Before the Ming Dynasty, the population of Beijing was not large, and fecal disposal was not a big problem. However, after Ming Chengzu moved the capital to Beijing, the population gradually became dense, and the accumulation of feces became a major problem, which is difficult to explain.
It is said that although the early Forbidden City was large, it had no sanitary facilities. The princes and ministers could only use the toilet in the middle of nowhere. The bottom of the toilet bowl is covered with burnt dates, because the burnt dates are light, the stool sinks quickly to the bottom, and the aroma of burnt dates can also mask the smell. Filled toilets also need to be transported to the outside of the palace for disposal. Even royalty and aristocrats deal with excretion, let alone ordinary people.
The miracle of "pouring night incense": the rise of the ancient "dung man".
In film and television works, we often hear the word "pouring night incense", which sounds very elegant. In reality, however, "pouring night incense" refers to pouring out the barrel of manure that had accumulated last night. At that time, there were professionals who went door-to-door to collect feces from the toilet, and these people were called the earliest "dung men".
Of course, these "dung men" are not voluntary workers, and residents need to pay a fee to defecate them. The collected manure is processed and sold to farmers who need to apply fertilizer. This process makes collecting and selling manure a win-win business.
Disputes in the rivers and lakes: the rise of the "dung road" during the Qing Dynasty.
As the saying goes: "Where there are people, there are rivers and lakes, and where there are interests, there are disputes." "As early as the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, there were countless disputes arising from the struggle for the right to dispose of feces. It was not until the Kangxi reign of the Qing Dynasty that the dung men decided to stop fighting and demarcated their respective "boundaries" by signing notes and drawing charges, forming the so-called "dung road" later. Although these divisions are not officially recognized, they do not prevent them from following the rules of the charlatans in their respective fields.
These demarcated "manure tracts" became the heart of the problem. The fecal tract represents the daily excrement from hundreds of households. If you want to master the fecal tract, you need to pay a certain price, which is expensive. It is said that in the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, an ordinary dung tunnel was worth dozens of taels. In the ** period, the dung tract ** soared, and the value of a manure tract containing about 100 households was as high as five or six hundred oceans!Such benefits** have led many people to have a strong interest in the fecal tracts, and some even obtain them by spending money to buy them or forcibly snatching them.
Beijing City's No. 1 dung tyrant "Yu Deshun: The rise of dark forces.
Among them, Yu Deshun is one of the best. It is said that he himself is a ruffian and has a large group of thugs under his command. In addition to managing his own manure tracts, he frequently encroached on the territory of other small-scale manure tracts.
Originally, the dung tract was not easily transferred to others, and some even implemented a hereditary system, even if the owner died, the dung tract had to be passed on to the son. Some people even consider the manure drain to be a more valuable property than real estate. However, Yu Deshun relied on vicious methods, first selling the dung that was weaker than him at a low price, and if he encountered resistance, he sent thugs to harass and rob. Soon after, Yu De monopolized more than half of the dung roads in Beijing and became a veritable "No. 1 dung bully in Beijing".
Yu Deshun, who owns the land, is not satisfied, he does not want to be just a peddle business, but wants to expand his profits. In Beijing at that time, not every household needed them to dispose of their excrement. But Yu Deshun has to charge a fee no matter what, no matter who is on his territory, he must hand over the dung, otherwise he will send someone to the door to trouble. Most of the dungmen who worked for him were poor families. However, Yu Deshun showed no mercy to them, often defaulting on their wages and even forcing them to work for themselves.
In order to increase his manure sales, Yu Deshun actually added plant ash to the collected manure to be shoddy and sold to farmers. And this low-quality fertilizer can reduce the fertility of the soil, causing the crop harvest to decline year by year. But those farmers could only bear it silently, not daring to offend this arrogant and domineering "Yu Da Belly".
With the 36 manure tunnels he occupied, Yu Deshun accumulated a huge fortune. It is said that he owns more than 100 properties in Beijing, and also has more than 1,500 acres of fertile land. That's not all, he also has considerable deposits in his accounts in major banks. It can be said that he is rich and rivals the country!
"Dung Ba" political map: Yu Deshun ascended to officialdom.
After accumulating wealth to a certain extent, Yu De began to pursue official positions by the way. Through threats, bribery and fraud, he became the chairman of the fecal affairs management office of the Beijing Health Bureau, the president of the Beijing Dung Industry Association and the president of the Ninth Association, and became a figure in high society!
However, Yu Deshun, who became the first, did not relent, but became more and more wanton. Not only did he "take it all in black and white", but he also continued to oppress the people, squeezed dung men, sold inferior manure, and even used his power to suppress his peers, which was unscrupulous.
"Dung tyrant" collapses: reform breaks the old order.
However, not everyone can tolerate his actions. As early as the ** period, someone challenged him. In 1933, Yuan Liang became the mayor of Beiping, he was born in the police circle, studied in Japan, and was a strong figure. After taking office, he vigorously reformed and strengthened municipal management, including the rectification of the manure industry. At that time, this had a certain deterrent effect on Yu Deshun.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, it actively reformed the municipal sanitation management and took the initiative to ban the monopoly industry. However, Yu Deshun and others stuck to the bad Xi of the old society, continued to monopolize the dung industry, and had an arrogant attitude.
He openly rebelled against the various measures introduced by the Beijing Municipal Government, refusing to pay public rent and opposing the relocation of the manure dump from residential areas. Faced with the policy of manure reform, he resisted it all.
"Dung Tyrant" Falls: Yu Deshun is brought to justice.
Soon after, the Public Security Bureau and the Health Engineering Bureau jointly promulgated the "Announcement on the Reform of the Fecal System" to actively promote the reform of the fecal treatment system. As the scum of society, the resistance of Yu Deshun and others was of no avail. Finally, in December 1951, Yu Deshun was publicly executedThe people cheered for it, which can be said to release the resentment in their hearts.
Summary: The notorious "dung tyrant" Yu Deshun was destroyed.
Looking back on history, we no longer have to worry about the disposal of excrement in our lives now. All this is thanks to the rapid development of China's economy, which has created a comfortable and hygienic living environment for us!The story of manure disposal has become a part of history, and we cherish the livable environment of the present even more.
This article vividly depicts the tortuous course of ancient manure disposal, as well as the arrogance and eventual downfall of the "dung tyrant" Yu Deshun. By digging deeper into the historical details, readers have a clearer understanding of the city's sanitation in the past and the way people disposed of excrement.
First of all, through the description of the living environment of ancient Chang'an City, the article shows the scene of the smell caused by the poor disposal of excrement, so that readers have a more intuitive feeling of some difficulties in ancient city life. This description shortens the distance between the reader and the ancient people, making the article more emotional.
Secondly, through the introduction of the group of "dung man", the article shows us the primitive way of manure disposal in ancient times. By collecting, disposing, and selling manure, these people demonstrated a mutually beneficial way of making a living, revealing the creativity and wisdom of people in ancient societies in solving life's problems.
Then, through the detailed description of the "dung tyrant" Yu Deshun, the article outlines a very dramatic character. Yu Deshun accumulated wealth step by step and climbed to the political peak by oppressing the people, monopolizing the manure, and illegally selling inferior manure. This process vividly shows the corruption and injustice of social governance in the historical period, and arouses readers to reflect on social problems.
Finally, the article shows the punishment of illegal acts by social governance through the reform of ** and the fall of the "dung tyrant" Yu Deshun. ** Take active measures to reform the fecal disposal system and crack down on lawbreakers such as "fecal tyrants", which reflects the responsibility for public health. It also expresses the expectation of social progress and reform, providing readers with a positive historical story.
Overall, the article is very lively and interesting in terms of historical narrative and character description. Through the revelation of the ancient fecal disposal methods and the "dung tyrant" Yu Deshun, it arouses readers to think deeply about the social system, governance methods and individual behaviors. This article is not only a review of the past history, but also a revelation to modern society, reminding us to cherish the civilized life of the present.
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