In 1955, the Chinese People's Liberation Army introduced a system of ranks, salaries and compulsory military service, and at the same time awarded medals for meritorious service in the revolutionary war, the most notable of which was the Order of Liberation of the First Class. How did these generals stand out and receive the Order of Liberation of the 1st degree?
Types and standards of the Order of Liberation.
In accordance with the resolutions and regulations adopted on February 12, 1955, the Order of Liberation was divided into:
1. 2. ** Awarded to those who have made meritorious contributions without gross negligence during the War of Liberation. The Liberation Medal of the first class is awarded to cadres at or above the military level, the second class is awarded to cadres at the division level, and ** is awarded to cadres at the regimental and battalion levels.
Declassify the criteria for awarding the Order of Liberation of the 1st degree.
Generals who directly led the uprising of the Kuomintang army in the War of Liberation were awarded medals according to the scale of their uprisings: those who rebelled above the whole army were awarded the first grade, those who rebelled in the whole division were awarded the second grade, and those who rebelled in the whole regiment were awarded **. Even if they did not directly lead the troops in the uprising, they could receive the Order of Liberation of the corresponding rank according to their rank, status and fame.
Special Case: Exceptional treatment for admirals.
Particularly striking is the example of Deng Zhaoxiang, the captain of the "Chongqing." Although the "Chongqing" ship was equivalent to an uprising of the whole army, because of its special status in the Kuomintang Navy, it was regarded as a "trump card"** Deng Zhaoxiang was awarded the Liberation Medal of the first class.
Similarly, Lin Zun, a former Kuomintang rear admiral, and other rebels of the Second Fleet of Haiphong, although not large enough to form a divisional uprising, were also awarded the Order of Liberation of the First Class for their key role in the War of Liberation.
Army Strength and Flexibility.
The conditions for awarding the medal are based on the army establishment, but there is some flexibility in practice. Some generals did not lead troops in the uprising, but because of their rank, status, and influence, they could still receive the corresponding rank of the Order of Liberation.
The mastery of the insurrectionists and the flexibility of the conditions.
The conditions for awarding the award were not only determined by the size of the uprising, but also by the position of the insurgent, their influence, and their influence on the outcome of the war. For example, although Liu Shanben, the general of the uprising, brought only one plane with him, as the leader of the Kuomintang Air Force uprising, he was also awarded the Liberation Medal of the First Class for his major contributions.
A clear distinction between uprising, surrender, and surrender.
The Medal Regulations clearly stated that only insurrectionists were eligible for the Order of Liberation. Surrenderers and surrenderers are not treated in this way. Therefore, only Kuomintang generals who ceased hostilities on the battlefield could be awarded the Order of Liberation.
Comprehensive consideration: Zheng Dongguo's special situation.
Although Zheng Dongguo did not revolt and did not surrender in the Liaoshen Campaign, he chose "Chengren" when the general trend was gone, and after being "protected" by his subordinates, he "put down" and was finally recognized as surrender. Therefore, he was not awarded the Order of Liberation.
The peculiarities of the Great Medal in 1955.
Considering that the Liberation War had not yet ended when the People's Republic of China was founded, the scope of the 1955 Great Medal of Honor for the former Kuomintang army rebels was expanded from the initial limitation to those who had participated in the People's Liberation Army and were still in the army, to those who had not joined the People's Liberation Army or had been transferred to local work and had a greater influence.
Epilogue. The criteria for the large-scale awarding of honors in 1955 revolved around the scale, influence, and rank of the uprising, presenting a complex and flexible peculiarity. Deciphering the behind-the-scenes criteria of these awards gives us a deeper understanding of the political context and military considerations of the time.
The 1955 large-scale awarding of awards to the generals of the uprising demonstrated the Chinese People's Liberation Army's recognition and recognition of revolutionary heroes at that time, as well as the flexibility and complexity of policy. During this period, China was at a critical moment in the War of Liberation, in order to consolidate the new People's Republic of China, for those generals who made outstanding achievements in the war, they were awarded medals to highlight their heroic deeds, inspire the whole army, and consolidate the morale of the army.
The article reveals the types and criteria for awarding the Order of Liberation, as well as deciphers the conditions for awarding the Order of Liberation of the 1st degree. This not only required the rebel generals to have significant military exploits on the battlefield, but also took into account many factors such as their rank, status, and influence. It is worth noting that the special consideration given to the admirals by the policy, especially the example of Deng Zhaoxiang, the captain of the "Chongqing", shows a high degree of recognition of the strategic value of the fleet.
The article also emphasizes the flexibility of the policy, and it is still possible to receive the corresponding level of liberation medal for generals who did not lead troops in the uprising but had a significant political and military impact. This policy, which is flexibly adjusted according to specific situations, reflects the PLA leadership's deep understanding of the actual battle situation and individual contributions, and makes the recognition more personalized and accurate.
Throughout the article, the case analysis of specific generals is even more vivid and interesting. For example, Liu Shanben brought only one plane, but was awarded the Order of Liberation of the First Class for his leading role in the Kuomintang Air Force uprising. This underscores the policy's strong focus on individual contributions and impact, not just numbers and scale.
However, the article also mentions some special circumstances, such as the treatment of Zheng Dongguo. Zheng Dongguo did not directly revolt and did not surrender, but due to his performance under special circumstances, he was not finally awarded the Liberation Medal. This situation shows that the policy has quite high requirements for the attitude and behavior of generals on the battlefield, and only when they meet certain standards can they have a chance to be recognized and praised.
On the whole, the standard of large-scale awarding of medals on the generals of the uprising in 1955 not only reflected the rigor and richness of the policy of the Chinese affairs at that time, but also showed a high degree of attention to individual contributions. The award standards of this period not only boosted the morale of the army and promoted the heroic spirit, but also laid the foundation for the later military commendation policy.
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