Take the use of chlorine and its compounds in life as an example to understand the practical application of chemistry in life.
1. Chlorine water. Chlorine gas is introduced into the water to form chlorinated water. The tap water in the home is generally very thin chlorine water. The hypochlorous acid contained in chlorinated water has the effect of sterilization and disinfection.
2. Sodium hypochlorite. The active ingredient of bleach and 84 disinfectant is sodium hypochlorite. The bleaching properties of the bleach solution and the bactericidal properties of the 84 disinfectant solution are the effects of sodium hypochlorite.
3. Calcium hypochlorite. The main components of bleaching powder are calcium chloride and calcium hypochlorite, and the active ingredient is calcium hypochlorite. Bleaching powder is solid and easier to transport than bleach. The bleaching principle of bleaching powder and bleaching liquid in life is the same, hypochlorite in water reacts with carbon dioxide in the air to form hypochlorous acid, CO2 + H2O + Clo-=HCO + HCO3-, and the bleaching property of bleaching powder is the bleaching property of hypochlorous acid.
The chemical principle of HCO formation is that relatively strong acids are made from relatively weak acids. Therefore, when bleaching clothes, a small amount of white acetic acid can be added to enhance bleaching. Extending the time of the garment in the bleach solution and increasing the concentration of carbon dioxide in the water can also enhance the bleaching effect of the bleaching powder.
4. Sodium chloride. The main ingredient of table salt is sodium chloride, which is a must-have condiment and a disinfectant. Of course, the disinfection principle is different from the disinfection principle of hypochlorous acid. Sodium chloride disinfection is to dehydrate bacterial and viral cells, and hypochlorous acid disinfection is to destroy the structure of cells. With 0Soaking feet in 9% dilute salt water also has the effect of invigorating blood and relieving pain.
5. Under the condition of electricity, 84 disinfectant can also be obtained by electrolysis of sodium chloride aqueous solution. During the new crown epidemic, you can use table salt to make your own 84 disinfectant. Be sure to stay safe. The chlorine gas produced is toxic and can easily be mixed with the hydrogen produced**.
6. Potassium chlorate. Potassium chlorate and red phosphorus, stones are prepared in a certain proportion of mixture, which is the main component of gunpowder. Note: This mixture is flammable and explosive, do not make it yourself, it will cause injury.
7. Hydrochloric acid. The main ingredient of toilet cleaner is hydrochloric acid. Toilet Cleaner mixed with 84 disinfectant solution produces a very toxic chlorine gas. Although each has a decontamination and anti-virus effect. However, after the two are mixed, they lose their respective effects, and chlorine gas is produced to poison people. Don't mix the two!
8. Chlorine. In the Franco-German War, Germany used chlorine for the war, which was the beginning of chemical **. Chemical technology also has two sides, it is used to benefit mankind when it is used, and it is used to harm living beings if it is used wrongly. When chlorine goes to a higher place, the density of chlorine is greater than that of air, and the chlorine gas sinks. At the same time, the weakly alkaline sodium bicarbonate solution can absorb chlorine gas, and covering the nostrils with a towel soaked in sodium bicarbonate solution can also reduce the harm of chlorine to people.