In China's 5,000-year history, dynasties have been constantly changing, and in the chaotic historical trend, the fertile land of the Central Plains has always been eyed by ethnic minorities in the northwest.
Historically well-known ethnic minorities,Examples include the Xiongnu, Khitan, Rouran, Turkic, Tatar and JurchenAlthough in the long-term cultural exchanges, it has gradually integrated with the Central Plains culture, but also retains its own unique culture and history.
So, do you know the origin of these peoples?
The Xiongnu usually lived on the Mongolian Plateau, and their daily life was mainly nomadic, and their range of activities was roughly in the Ordos Plateau.
In the early days of the Han Dynasty, this nation gradually became stronger, and the Xiongnu fought everywhere with elite troops and strong cavalryAt its peak, he occupied the territory of the Donghu, Loulan and Dayue clans, and became the commander of the Western Regions
Since the situation in the Western Regions was in full swing, the ambitions of the Xiongnu naturally continued to swell and began to covet the territory of the Central Plains.
Therefore, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was in power, he had a headache about the Xiongnu problem.
The Xiongnu repeatedly invaded the Central Plains, and the Han Dynasty also sent troops to expel the Xiongnu many times, and in the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, the power of the Xiongnu was far inferior to that of the Han army.
But the Huns still did not give up, continued to grow their strength, and waited for the moment to return to the Western Regions.
This moment was finally waited for by them, and in the later years of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, General Huo Qubing died of illness, and the Han Dynasty no longer had a handsome talent like him, and the Xiongnu once again showed their fangs.
The Xiongnu defeated the Han army and occupied the Mobei region, but unfortunately the Xiongnu were not monolithic, and soon after gaining power, the Xiongnu began to ** internally, and the frequent outbreaks of infighting greatly weakened the strength of the Xiongnu, and even took refuge in the Han Dynasty.
Coincidentally, a locust plague broke out in Mobei, and the crops were not harvested, and the people naturally complained, and the Xiongnu began to fall into chaos.
The last stroke left by the Xiongnu nation in history is probably the establishment of the former Zhao regime and the Hu Xia regime during the period of the Five Hu and Sixteen KingdomsSince then, the Xiongnu have withdrawn from the stage of history and disappeared
The Khitan people lived mainly in the north, and in today's northeast region, animal husbandry was the main thing.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, the originally scattered Khitan people began to form a unified allianceOga AllianceThe power of the Khitan tribe also began to develop, and the Tang Dynasty set up a capital in the northeast in order to facilitate management.
But soon thereafter, the alliance of the Khitan people fell apart, and the Khitan people were scattered again.
With the development of time, the Khitan tribe gradually formed a tribal alliance of the Yaolin clan, and their own strength was too weak, so they had to seek refuge in the Later Turkic Khanate, but unfortunately Tianbao was four years old, and the Later Turks were also destroyed.
For hundreds of years, the Khitan people lived under Uighur rule.
But such a nation, which seemed to be difficult to survive, exploded with amazing strength in the following hundred years.
After the Anshi Rebellion, the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, the Khitan people saw the opportunity and attacked in one fell swoop, and the Khitan leader Yelu Abao led the tribesmen to attack the Central Plains, defeated the Tang army, and established the power of Liao.
But a nation without cohesion, after all, it is difficult to last, and the Jurchen tribe has also grown, Baoda five years, the Jin army led by the Jurchen tribe attacked Liao, Liao moved west with the royal family, and was later destroyed by the Mongols, and the remaining Khitan people were scattered everywhere, and finally merged with other ethnic groups.
Rouran, also known as Worm, lived in Mongolia and the Baikal region of present-day Russia.
Rouran was originally only a side branch of Donghu, but it only began to become powerful during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it was another rising ethnic group in Mongolia after the Xiongnu and Xianbei.
They were originally only a small force, and they still needed to rely on Xianbei's protection, but the Rouran people did not rest easy, they continued to grow themselves under this protection, taking advantage of Xianbei's outings to expand their territory, and sent troops to occupy Xianbei's base campBecause of the surprise, it caused a heavy blow to Xianbei, and of course he made a feud with Xianbei.
Rouran's power continued to grow, and at its peak it formed three opposing forces with the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and it should have taken the opportunity to annex other khanates, but the praying mantis caught the cicada and the yellow finch was behind, and the Turkic army sprung up, Rouran couldn't cope with it, and was wiped out by the Turks, and many of the later Rouran people became captives of the Northern Wei Dynasty and gradually assimilated with the Han people in the Central Plains.
As mentioned earlier, the Turks are actually ethnic minorities living in Inner Mongolia, and they took the opportunity to develop and grow during the war period of Wuhu ChaohuaVery similar to the Xiongnu, Xianbei and Rouran, they are also nomadic people
After the destruction of Rouran, the Turks established the Turkic Khanate, officially called the king, the Turks fully absorbed the strength of Rouran, and were also ready to move on the Central Plains, but unfortunately the Sui and Tang dynasties at that time were in their heyday, and their strength was too strong.
In 657, the Tang Dynasty united with the Hui to destroy the Western Turkic Khanate, which severely crushed the Turkic spiritFrom then on, the Turks did not dare to act rashly, and even submitted to the rule of the Tang Dynasty and kept to themselves.
But this was built on the strength of the Tang Dynasty, and as the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline, its rule over the frontier regions was much less than before, and the Turks began to covet its land again.
In 682, the Turks established the post-Turkic khanate, and launched an attack on the border areas, but unfortunately the Tang Dynasty was not as strong as it was then, but it was still strong, and the Turks were defeated by the Tang Dynasty, and at this time it coincided with the rise of the Khitan people, opening up their territory everywhere, and the Turks had no chance to unify the Central Plains, so they had to continue to move westward, in this process, the Turks and the local ethnic minorities merged with each other, and formed some new ethnic groupsThe Turkic people also disappeared from the stage of history.
Similar to the ethnic minorities described above, the Tatars are also a nomadic people from the north who live in the Mongolian region.
But what makes this nation different is that they have a very long historyThree regimes were once established, namely the Mongols, the Yuan Dynasty and the Northern Yuan Dynasty.
So they called themselves Mongols, only in the Ming Dynasty they were called Tatars.
And when they were most active, it was the period when the Ming Dynasty controlled the power in the Central Plains, when Mongolia was constantly fighting because of the successive rise of various tribesEventually, two factions, the Varat and the Tatars, were formed.
The Tatars also often invaded the border areas of the Ming Dynasty, but the Ming Dynasty was too strong, and the Tatars had no choice but to withdraw from Monan.
The Ming Dynasty intended to stabilize the frontier, so it sent people to appease the Tatars and Warat, moderately relax restrictions on the border, hoping to take a step back with the Tatars and make the Tatars submit to the Ming Dynasty, but the Tatars were ambitious.
In 1410, Ming Taizu launched the Northern Expedition, the army pressed the border, defeated the Tatar and Warat army, the Tatar established the Northern Yuan regime collapsed, Tatar and Warat fell into a melee, killing each other, after a long period of fighting, some tribesmen chose to surrender to the Ming Dynasty, and some tribes continued to move south to the Monan regionLater, it was conquered by the Qing army and all of them were incorporated into the Qing Dynasty, and the Mongol Empire disappeared.
The Jurchen people are probably the ethnic minority we are most familiar withThey were the founders of the Manchu dynasty.
But many people don't know that in fact, the Jurchen people established the Jin State as early as the Song Dynasty, but in the later period, the Jin regime continued to decline, and the Jurchen people did not fallUntil the Ming Dynasty, the Jurchen people Taoguang raised obscurity, and Nurhachi unified the Jurchen tribes and established the Later Jin regime, which was later known as the Manchu Qing.
The Jurchens and the Ming Dynasty have experienced decades of struggle, the two sides continue to compete, the final winner of this war is the Jurchens, as we know, Wu Sangui let the Qing army enter the pass, the Jurchens attacked in a big way, unified the Central Plains, defeated the Ming Dynasty, and achieved the rule of the Central PlainsThe Jurchens named the country "Qing" and began to change customs
However, this is not what we call a change of customs in modern times, but a change of hair and clothes.
As we often see on TV, the forehead is shaved, leaving only one braid, but it is not as beautiful as in TV, it should be kept as a money rat tail, and the clothes should be changed into Manchu costumes.
Compared to other ethnic groups, the Jurchens understood the importance of cultural domination very thoroughly, and after the fall of the Manchu dynasty, the Manchus merged with the Han Chinese and continued to live in the Central Plains.
From the history of the development of several ethnic groups above,It is not difficult for us to find that the final outcome of each ethnic group is to integrate with the Han people, which shows the deep foundation of China's thousands of years of national culture.
This foundation is deeply rooted in the bloodline and cannot be changed, and even if there is a change of dynasty, it can only be left to the rulers to actively integrate into our culture.
Only when such a national culture lingers in the hearts of the Chinese people and gathers common moral strength and social values can our nation have centripetal force and cohesion!
On the other hand, although the ethnic minorities are always eyeing the Central Plains, it is always difficult to truly unify the Central Plains, and the fundamental reason lies in their **.
The nation is not evenly aligned, always caught in ** infighting, and has never been able to gather strength to develop production and economy, even if it has elite troops and sweat and blood BMW, it is only used to fight its own people, and cannot concentrate on the outside world.
This shows how important the cohesion of the nation is, and today in the 21 st century, the lessons of history are never outdated.
A country and a nation must have a unified culture as the foundation of the nation and common values as the spiritual bond, so as to unite the strength of the whole nation when major events occurWhen you go up and down the heart, the city will be impregnable!