The Battle of Xiangjiang is a ghost gate on the Long March of the main force of the Red Army.
In this tragic battle of life and death, the main forces of the Red Army broke through the three blockade lines after 660,000 people, more than half of the staff was reduced, leaving more than 30,000 people. In the course of the Long March of the three main forces of the Red Army, the losses in the Xiangjiang Campaign were second only to the Battle of Baizhangguan, in which the Red Fourth Front Army lost 40,000 horses.
After this battle, Red.
The 1st and 3rd Army Corps suffered heavy losses, red.
The Fifth, Eighth, and Ninth Army Corps all had only two or three thousand men left.
In particular, the Red Fifth Army Corps, known as the "Tieliu Guard", and the Red 34th Division, which served as the rear guard of the whole army, were surrounded by the Sichuan Army, the Hunan Army and the ** Army on the south bank of the Xiangjiang River after taking over the defensive position of the Red 6th Division of the Red Third Army Corps, and the entire army was finally annihilated.
However, most of the 5,000 loyal souls of the Red 34th Division of the Desperate Guard Division have not found their names for many years. Whether they are Hakka children from western Fujian, or the land of Yan Zhao, who originated from many generous and sad people, has not settled the controversy.
In recent years, there is also a voice that believes that the 5,000 heroic spirits of the Red 34th Division came from Hebei, the land of Yanzhao.
It is more popular to say that the 5,000 martyrs of the Red 34th Division came from the Hakka children of western Fujian.
This statement originated from the words of Han Wei, the commander of the 100th Regiment of the Red 34th Division, who was the founding lieutenant general in 1955, and his statement was: "In the Xiangjiang Campaign, all the children of western Fujian I brought out were sacrificed, and I can't stand them and their relatives." ”
Lieutenant General Han Wei told his descendants to be buried with his comrades-in-arms in western Fujian after his death. In the end, the only surviving regimental-level cadre of the Red 34th Division of the Xiangjiang Campaign, his ashes were placed in the Revolutionary Martyrs Cemetery in Western Fujian, and his comrades-in-arms who were scattered in the Xiangjiang River were buried together.
Fujian is another battlefield after the chairman went down to Jinggangshan and opened up the Jiangxi Soviet District, and at the end of 1929, he led the second column of the Red Fourth Army to fight here. On the eve of New Year's Day in 1930, "Like a Dream Order, New Year's Day" is a record of this period of history.
Ninghua, clear stream, naturalization, the road pass forest is deep and mossy and slippery.
Where to go today, pointing directly to the foot of Wuyi Mountain.
Down the mountain, the wind shows the red flag picturesquely.
The 34th Division of the Red 12th Army in western Fujian was established in March 1933. The predecessor of the 34th Red Division in western Fujian was the 1st Regiment of the 7th Division of the Fujian Military Region and several other local troops, the first commander of the Red 34th Division was Zhou Zikun, who participated in the Northern Expedition, the Nanchang Uprising, and the Southern Hunan Uprising, and the political commissar was the political commissar of the Red 12th Army and the commander of the Fujian Military Region
The Red 34th Division has 3 regiments, and the regiment commanders and political commissars are: Han Wei and Fan Shiying of the 100th Regiment, Chen Shuxiang and Yang Yishi of the 101st Regiment, and Lu Guanying and Cheng Cuilin of the 102nd Regiment. In the early days of its establishment, there were more than 4,000 people in the Red 34th Division, and they were basically children of western Fujian.
However, are the Red 34th Division of Western Fujian and the Red 34th Division of the Long March the same army?
After the establishment of the 34th Division of the 12th Red Army in western Fujian, it was successively subordinate to the Red First Army and the Red Ninth Army. After the start of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression, the Red Army formed the Red Seventh Army Corps, the commander of which was Xun Huaizhou, the confidant of the founding general Su Yu, and the political commissar was Xiao Jinguang.
In addition to the Red Division that entered Fujian with the Eastern Army, the Red Seventh Army also had the Red 34th Division and 1 independent regiment. At the end of 1933, the Red Seventh Army was reorganized into the Red 19th Division, the 59th Regiment and 1 independent battalion, and Su Yu was transferred to the Chief of Staff of the Red Seventh Army.
After the Red Seventh Army went north to "encircle Wei and save Zhao" to attract enemy troops, the Red 34th Division was assigned to the Red Fifth Army Corps.
The commander of the Red 34th Division became the founding general Peng Shaohui, and the political commissar was Cheng Cuilin. The military and political chiefs of the 3 regiments, Han Wei and Zhang Lixiong of the 100th Regiment, Chen Shuxiang and Yang Yishi of the 101st Regiment; 102nd Regiment Lu Guanying, Fan Shiying. Two months later, Chen Shuxiang was promoted to the commander of the Red 34th Division, the commander of the 101st Regiment was taken over by Yan Fengcai, and the political commissar of the 100th Regiment was changed to Hou Zhonghui.
At this time, the Red 34th Division had more than 1,700 people in each regiment, and the whole division was close to 6,000 people.
After the Long March of the main Red Army, the 13th and 34th Divisions of the Red Fifth Army served as the rear guard of the whole army, and were known as the "Iron Stream Guard" and "Iron Ass". During the Xiangjiang Campaign, the Red 34th Division, which had only 6,000 men, served as the last barrier of the Red Fifth Army and the whole army.
In the Battle of Xiangjiang, the Red Fifth Army lost more than 8,000 people, including 5,000 people from the Red 34th Division.
Of the surviving commanders and fighters of the Red 34th Division, only 3 survived the cliff jump.
One is Han Wei, the commander of the 100th Regiment, the other is Hu Wenxuan, the political commissar of the 3rd Battalion, and the other is Li Jinshan, a communicator of the 5th Company. However, in the process of chasing the main force of the Red Army in the north, Hu Wenxuan and Li Jinshan died successively, and Han Wei was lucky to reach northern Shaanxi.
In the process of breaking through, about 100 people moved to the Hunan and Jiangxi borders to fight guerrillas, but most of them died under the siege of the enemy. After Hou Shikui, commander of the 1st Battalion of the 100th Regiment, was wounded and captured, he was taken to Nanjing and imprisoned for 3 years, and was rescued after the outbreak of the full-scale Anti-Japanese War. During the Anti-Japanese Period, he advanced to Shandong, and during the Liberation Period, he went to the Northeast, and was awarded the founding major general after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The statement that the desperate guard division is all Hakka children in western Fujian has been supported by some later generations.
According to statistics, there were about 20,000 people in western Fujian during the Long March, and more than half of them were lost in the battle of Xiangjiang. Among them, the Red 34th Division had more than 6,000 people at the time of departure, and about 5,000 people when it arrived at the Xiangjiang River, but it was almost completely wiped out in the Xiangjiang Campaign.
After years of research in Longyan and Sanming in Fujian, there are more than 1,040 martyrs whose names have been left behind.
In 2018, the hit of the TV series "Desperate Defender Division" once again brought people's thoughts back to 84 years ago. However, it is no longer possible to find an answer as to whether the thousands of heroes and martyrs of the Red 34th Division who died in Xiangjiang came from western Fujian, Jiangxi, and Hunan.
But there is one thing that is undoubted, the children of the Red 34th Division of Fujian and Western China account for a considerable proportion.
There are three main reasons for believing that the vast majority of the Red 34th Division came from the land of Yan Zhao.
The first point is that the predecessor of the Red Fifth Army was the 26th Route Army, the old part of the Northwest Army.
Feng Yuxiang's Northwest Army, the officers and soldiers from Hebei did account for a large proportion.
For example, the "Five Tiger Generals" Zhang Zhijiang is from Yanshan, Hebei, Lu Zhonglin is from Dingzhou, Hebei, Liu Yufen is from Qingyuan, Hebei, and only Li Mingzhong and Song Zheyuan are from Henan and Shandong respectively. "Thirteen Taibao" Zhang Weixi, Sun Lianzhong, Liu Ruming, Tong Linge, Zhao Xipin, Cheng Xixian and other famous generals are all from the land of Yan Zhao.
After being reorganized into the Red Fifth Army, the Red 13th Division and the 34th Division continued the bloodline of the 26th Route Army.
The second point is that the Red 34th Division was transferred from the Red Seventh Army to the Red Fifth Army Division, with only more than 1,200 people.
Within half a year after the start of the fifth anti-encirclement and suppression, the Red 34th Division suffered relatively large losses, and after being assigned to the Red Fifth Army Corps, it replenished a large number of soldiers from the original 26th Route Army, and most of the soldiers of the 26th Route Army came from Hebei, and a few came from Henan and Shandong.
The third point is that those who witnessed the Xiangjiang Battle have many memories of the "Big Knife Team".
The Northwest Army is famous for its broadsword team, and Li Zhuoran, political commissar of the Red Fifth Army Corps, recalled: Most of the members of the Fifth Army were officers and soldiers of the Ningdu riot, and few people ate chili peppers during the Long March. The telegrams exchanged between Xia Wei and Bai Chongxi of the Gui Department also mentioned many times that the Gui army was counterattacked by the Red Army's broadsword team, so the Red Army with a northern accent was summarily executed.
Judging from the origins of the officers after the Ningdu Uprising, there were people from all over the country.
The organizers of the uprising, Zhao Bosheng, Ji Zhentong, and Dong Zhentang, were all from Hebei, and after the uprising, many political cadres were added, and middle and lower-level cadres were either repatriated or dispersed to the Red First and Third Army Corps, such as the founding general Li Da (from Shaanxi), the founding lieutenant general Wang Bingzhang (from Henan), Sun Jixian (from Shandong), Li Xuesan (from Henan), and Li Xue.
3. Han Zhenji.
In 1955, the first major award of titles, the Ningdu Uprising produced 31 founding generals, including 1 founding general, 5 founding lieutenant generals and 25 founding major generals. After the start of the Long March, they were preserved in the various battle sequences of the Red Army.
The Ningdu Uprising had 170,000 people, after the start of the Long March, the Red Fifth Army had 120,000 people.
Due to the exclusion of the chairman and the loss of military power at that time, the Red Fifth Army Corps has always been ostracized, so when the Red 13th, 14th, and 15th Armies were downsized into the Red 13th Division and the 34th Division, the composition of the troops must have changed greatly, and some fresh blood was added.
Therefore, the Red 13th Division and the Red 34th Division are not simply Hebei or Fujian.
In other words, a large part of the 5,000 martyrs of the Red 34th Division who died in the Battle of Xiangjiang came from western Fujian, but there will also be martyrs from Jiangxi, Hunan, Hebei, Henan and even Shandong. Of course, no matter what province they come from, whether they leave their names or not, they will forever be engraved on the monuments of history.