I've been watching an archaeology-related show these days, and it's been fun. Some of these artifacts have been seen in the relevant museums. Others are not, but they have heard of it for the first time. The most interesting thing is that some of these small states existed in the Spring and Autumn period, which are only recorded in the literature. What is their specific situation, if it were not for the unearthed cultural relics found by chance, I am afraid that they would have been drowned in the long river of time.
And some, there is no record in the historical documents. If it weren't for archaeology, it would never have been known to future generations. Anyone who knows a little bit about bronze probably knows that a group of bells that shocked the world were unearthed in Suixian, Hubei. Around the 70s of the last century, infrastructure construction or excavation, there were often such surprises. What is this surprise in Suixian?
With the discovery of a large number of tomb soil relics, the chimes are arranged in two rows at right angles in the tomb, and they appear completely in front of the world. This set of chimes was later named "Zeng Hou Yi" chimes. It shows that the owner of this set of chimes is called "B", a native of Zeng Guo, a marquis. The unearthed cultural relics in the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng are not just a set of bells. Many bronzes that have never been seen before, with complex craftsmanship and exquisite shapes, make archaeologists feel as if they have entered a treasure mountain.
On bronzes such as chimes, many inscriptions are cast. These inscriptions clearly appeared more than once "Zeng Hou Yi". However, the experts rummaged through the ancient records and found no trace of the existence of "Zeng Guo". Is the historical record wrong or does the Zeng Kingdom only exist in ancient tombs?However, the unearthed cultural relics of Zeng Guo are not only the "Hou" of "Zeng Hou Yi".
From the 60s of the last century to 2012 of this century, a number of ancient tombs have been discovered one after another, and a number of bronzes with inscriptions have been unearthed. According to the inscriptions on the unearthed bronzes, the experts sorted out and sorted out the historical Zeng Marquis, a total of thirteen. They are: Zeng Hou Ji, Zeng Hou Qian, Zeng Hou Yangbai, Zeng Hou Zhongzi Youfu, Zeng Muhou, Zeng Gongqiu, Zeng Hou Bao, Zeng Hou De, Zeng Hou Yu, Zeng Hou Yu, Zeng Hou Yi, Zeng Hou C, etc.
So many Zeng Hou and the bronzes used have been excavated, and Zeng should be a very large country. However, archaeologists and historians searched through historical classics, but they did not find "Zeng Guo". Without Zeng Guo, could it be that these many "Zeng Hou" fell from the sky?
So, look for the sub-seal of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. I didn't find Zeng Guo, but found a "Sui Guo" in the same area. Is Suiguo Zeng Guo?Let's check the evidence. There is such a passage in "Historical Records of the Chu Family": "Thirty-five years, Chu Vasui. He said, 'I am not guilty. Chu said: "I am a barbarian...Follow the people for the week, please respect Chu, the royal family does not listen, and report to Chu. In the thirty-seventh year, (Chu Xiongtong) established himself as the king of martial arts and went away with the entourage. ”
According to historical documents, experts believe that Suiguo is Zeng Guo, which is not uncommon in one country and two during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The reason for this determination is that the territory of Suiguo at that time covered the area of the cemetery of Zeng Guo. However, there are those who disagree. Their question marks are also really hard to straighten into exclamation points.
There are two in one country, of course. At least two names have been seen at the same time. There have been so many treacherous stories in history, and the country prospered because it saved the Chu State, and the country has existed for about 700 years. Why has it never appeared once in such a long time, Suiguo's other name, "Zeng Guo"?Similarly, among the hundreds of unearthed cultural relics, the inscription on the bronze ware only saw "Zeng Hou", and none of them wrote "Sui Hou".
Tell an off-topic archaeological story. The Shang Dynasty is the second recorded dynasty in the history of our country. A few decades ago and earlier, archaeologists and historians divided the Shang Dynasty into Zhengzhou** in the early Shang Dynasty and Anyang Yinxu ** in the late Shang Dynasty**. An archaeological expert deduced from the difference between the early Shang and the late Shang unearthed cultural relics that there should be a "Chinese Shang" between the early and late Shang.
He boldly expressed his inference on the master's degree, and then worked diligently for decades, and finally found the ancient capital of "Zhongshang" located in Huanshui through archaeological excavations. Such an inference is based on a solid cultural and empirical foundation, and is supported by a complete logical relationship and archaeological relics.
Combining Zeng and Sui into one country is not convincing enough. Because there is no more evidence to prove whether Zeng Guo was an independent kingdom or another name of Suiguo, the research on Zeng Guo continues. So far, the history of Zeng has been excavated by archaeology. The bronze inscription is for the deceased Marquis Zeng to continue to enjoy the wealth of his life. These inscriptions clearly indicate the identity of the tomb's owner. I can't prove the name of the country under the command of the Marquis, it's too interesting.
Among the bells unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng, there is one called "King of Chu Xiongzhang Bell". The bell is cast with a thirty-one character inscription: "Fifty and six worships of the king of Yu (only), returned from Xiyang, the king of Chu Xiongzhang, as the Marquis Yizong Yi, laid in Xiyang, and its eternal use." ”
What it is said is: In the fifty-sixth year of King Chu Hui (433 BC), Xiong Zhang, King of Chu Hui, returned to Xiyang, and after getting the news of the death of Zeng Hou Yi, he sacrificed in Xiyang. Later, this bell was cast for Zeng Hou Yi for him to enjoy forever.
There is still not a word mentioning the relationship between Suiguo and Zeng.
An attraction of a lifetime