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A literary chronicle of the Helong region
Ding Hongwu. The Year of the Helong Literature Department of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties (hereinafter referred to as the "Year of the Department") is one of the final results of the national social science ** project "Comprehensive Research on Hu Han Surnames and Local Literature in the Helong Region of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties", and was selected into the "Century Chinese and Humanities Series of Northwest Normal University". On the basis of the research results of predecessors, the book comprehensively and systematically investigates and sorts out the works of Helong writers between the first year of Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (206 BC) and the ninth year of Emperor Wen of Sui (589), forming a chronicle of Helong regional literature with the year as the key and the people as the goal, and nearly 800 years before and after.
"Helong" is the abbreviation of Hexi and Longyou, which mainly refers to the vast area west of Longshan and east of the Western Regions in ancient China. As a conventional geographical concept, the word "Helong" appeared after Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty opened up Hexi. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Yuanfeng five years (106 years ago), the Western Han Dynasty "the first thirteen states of the Department of Thorn History", Liangzhou is one of the thirteen states, its place from Longdi in the east, west to the east boundary of the Western Regions, Hexi and Longyou both belong to the Liangzhou Thorn History Department, since then, Hexi and Longyou two adjacent areas in the political, economic, cultural and other fields of the connection is getting closer and closer, after a long period of exchanges and integration, gradually evolved into a regional community, Helong geographical concept is also generated.
Although the Helong area is located in the northwest corner, it has a long history and a rich collection of humanities. Its customs have not only given birth to a rich and colorful Helong culture, but also nourished generations of Helong scribes. Helong literature originated in the pre-Qin period, and there was a short-term prosperity in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Wuliang period. Influenced by the "wind and customs" of Helong Biansai, Helong literature has shown distinctive regional characteristics since the pre-Qin period: uprightness, vigor, generosity and willfulness, stirring the majestic momentum and strength of the intersection of Huarong. Ban Gu said in "Hanshu Zhao Chongguo Xin Qingji Praise": "Since the Qin and Han dynasties, Shandong has produced prime ministers, and Shanxi has produced ...... generalsShanxi Tianshui, Longxi, Anding, and northern are close to Qianghu, and folk customs Xi war preparations, noble and brave saddle horse riding and shooting. Therefore, "Qin Poems" said: "Wang Yuxingshi, repair my armor soldiers, and do it with his son." Its customs have been around since ancient times, and today's songs are generous and romantic. Based on the perspective of regional culture, Ban Gu's exposition connects the attributes of the border fortress and the martial style in the Helong area with the generosity of literary works, emphasizing that the Qin Poems are the historical products and literary presentations of the "customs and customs" in the Helong area, and explains the regional characteristics and causes of Helong literature and culture in depth.
According to rough statistics, Yan Kejun's "The Texts of the Three Dynasties of the Qin and Han Dynasties and the Three Kingdoms and Six Dynasties" includes 129 works and 615 articles (including fragments) by Helong writers, Lu Qinli's "Poems of the Pre-Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties" includes 24 works by Helong writers and 175 articles (including fragments), and Hao Runhua's "Summary of Gansu Literature" is a collection of anthologies or single works of a total of 59 Helong writers from Li Ling to Niu Hong. There are more than 60 important writers involved in this "Department Year". The activities and works of writers in the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties are also covered in this "Department Year". These writers mainly include the scribes who took refuge in Liangzhou during the Han Dynasty and the Five Liang periods, among which the famous scribes include Ban Biao, Fang Wang, Zheng Xing, Shen Tugang, Du Lin, Ma Yuan, Dou Rong, Duan Ye, Cheng Jun, Jiang Qiang, Chang Shuang, etc. The identification of the origins of Helong writers in the late Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties is mainly based on historical records, and comprehensive consideration is made with reference to genealogies, epitaphs, and texts of works. All historical records clearly record that the place of origin belongs to the ten counties (Beidi, Anding, Hanyang, Longxi, Wudu, Jincheng, Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan, Dunhuang) and the two subject states (Zhangye subject country, Zhangye Juyan subject country) under the jurisdiction of the Liangzhou Thorn History Department of the Eastern Han Dynasty, regardless of whether they stayed in the mainland or lived in another country, they will be included. Foreign writers who live in the Helong area for reasons such as eunuchs or refuge are also included in the scope of this "Department Year" catalogue of their travels and related works during their stay in Longlong.
According to the literature, most of the famous writers who appeared in the Helong area during the Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were from Helong. In particular, Tianshui Zhao, Longxi Li, Di Daoxin, Anding Liang, Anding Huangfu, Anding Zhang, Wuwei Duan, Dunhuang Zhang, Song, Suo, Pan, Yin and other "Helong clans" or "Xizhou surnames" produced many talents and became the main body of Helong's literary creation during this period. During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the emergence of writers such as the Fu clan of the former Qin Di clan, the Yao clan of the Later Qin Qiang clan, the Hu Fuqu clan of Lushui in the Northern Liang, the Xianbei Bald Hair clan in the Southern Liang (Hexi Yuanshi), and the Xianbei beggar Fu clan in the Western Qin Dynasty added new ingredients, new colors and new literary growth points to the pluralistic and integrated Helong literature.
From the perspective of the history of literary reception, Li Ling, Kui Huan, Qin Jia, Xu Shu, Wang Fu, Zhao Yi, Zhang Chang, Fu Xuan, Fu Xian, Zhang Jun, Hu Yizhou, Liu Xun and their works are deeply recognized and respected by later generations, and can be called outstanding representatives of Helong literature in the pre-Tang Dynasty. Li Ling was the first Helong scholar to have literary works handed down to future generations since the Qin and Han dynasties. Kui Huan is the first person in Helong who is known for "goodness as a document" at that time, and is generally concerned by scholars in the Central Plains. In the later period of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a number of famous scribes appeared in the Helong area. Liang Zhu wrote "Seven Prefaces", and Ban Gu praised it;"Liangzhou Sanming" (Huangfu Gui, Zhang Huan, Duan Cheng), both civil and military, famous at that time;Hou Jin and Zhao Yi are among the "Later Han Shu Wenyuan Biography";Wang Fu wrote a book in seclusion, referring to Chen Shixian, and was one of the three major political essays in the Eastern Han DynastyQin Jia, Xu Shu, the couple are deeply in love, and the three poems of "Poems for Women" can be called the sign of the maturity of the five-character lyric poems of the literati of the Eastern Han DynastyZhang Zhi and Zhang Chang, who were good at both calligraphy and writing, led the new Shilin fashion in the late Han Dynasty. His works are sufficient to represent the first-class level of cultural development and literary creation at that time. During the Wei and Jin dynasties, Helong literature continued to develop along the trend since the Eastern Han Dynasty. Huangfu Mi, Fu Xuan, Fu Xian, Suo Jing and others enjoy a high reputation in the literary world and can be called excellent representatives of Helong scribes. During the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, wars were frequent, and the political situation was relatively stable in the Helong area in the northwest corner, coupled with the "cultural and educational establishment" of the Wuliang regime, which made the Helong area one of the academic centers of the northern country at that time, and the Helong literature also reached the second peak in the history of the development of the Tang Dynasty in the Wuliang period.
Since the 80s of the 20th century, with the continuous increase in the study of regional culture, regional literature has become one of the hot issues of general concern in the academic circles. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of the spatiotemporal perspective of literary history research, the study of literary geography has also become one of the academic hotspots in the new century. The compilation of the "Year of the Helong Literature Department of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties" can not only objectively present the overall appearance and development trajectory of Helong literature in the pre-Tang Dynasty under the dual influence of the Silk Road and ethnic integration, lay the foundation for in-depth regional characteristics and historical influence of Helong literature, but also dig deep into the historical accumulation of Helong literature and culture in the pre-Tang Dynasty, and further expand the field and space of Helong literature and cultural research.
The Year of the Helong Literature Department of the Six Dynasties of the Han and Wei Dynasties", by Ding Hongwu, published by the Commercial Press).