(1) Sun Chuanfang's ingenious calculations.
In the Second Zhifeng War in 1924, Zhang Zuolin, the king of the Northeast, defeated Wu Peifu, and he was in the limelight for a while. However, there is a Tyrannosaurus rex hidden in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai - Sun Chuanfang. At that time, Zhang Zuolin was complacent and wanted to conquer Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in the south, but he did not expect Sun Chuanfang's ingenious calculation.
2) When the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out, Sun Chuanfang secretly joined forces with Wu Peifu.
In September 1924, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang War broke out, Qi Xieyuan attacked Lu Yongxiang, and Sun Chuanfang teamed up with Wu Peifu to support Qi Xieyuan. However, when Zhang Zongchang led the Feng army south, Sun Chuanfang opened the distance between him and Qi Xieyuan with careful strategy. He skillfully used political maneuvers to remain neutral and bought himself precious time.
3) Sun Chuanfang's forbearance and strategy.
Sun Chuanfang, a native of Tai'an, Shandong, is only 40 years old, joined the army when he was young, and studied at the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School. He knew that his strength was limited and was not in a hurry to confront Zhang Zongchang head-on. He skillfully allied with Feng Yuxiang, Wu Peifu and other bigwigs, and found local small warlords in Jiangsu and Anhui to instigate them to rebel against Feng. Sun Chuanfang, with wise strategy, focused on the road of strengthening his strength.
4) Shanghai's "May Day Movement" boosted Sun Chuanfang's anti-Feng.
In October 1925, the "May Day Movement" broke out in Shanghai, and the authorities supported the foreigners and made enemies of the Chinese. This discredited the Feng family among the people of the whole country and provided strong support for Sun Chuanfang's anti-Feng efforts. Sun Chuanfang took advantage of the situation and quickly occupied Nanjing, Suzhou, Shanghai and other places, and won a complete victory.
Zhang Zongchanghao gambled on the White Russian Army and Sun Chuanfang to fight it out
1) Zhang Zongchang's gamble and the might of the White Russian army.
Upon learning of Sun Chuanfang's army, Zhang Zuolin was furious and ordered Zhang Zongchang, the overseer of Shandong, to go south and quickly defeat Sun Chuanfang. Zhang Zongchang boasted that he could quickly defeat Sun Chuanfang, and his hole card was the White Russian army under his command. This huge army fled to China after the Russian Civil War and became a huge support for Zhang Zongchang.
2) Sun Chuanfang's counterattack strategy.
Sun Chuanfang learned that Zhang Zongchang used the White Russian army, and he did not dare to despise it. However, he was not in a hurry to meet the battle, but skillfully took advantage of the military discipline problem in Jiangsu, aroused the anger of the people in Jiangsu and Shanghai, and won a mass base for himself. In this favorable situation, Sun Chuanfang decided to wait for the opportunity and not rashly confront the White Russian army.
3) Zhang Zongchang's missteps and Sun Chuanfang's pride.
Zhang Zongchang vowed to defeat Sun Chuanfang quickly, but he did not expect Sun Chuanfang's ingenious strategy. In the anti-Feng war, the White Russian army under Zhang Zongchang was struggling, and Sun Chuanfang took the opportunity to strengthen his own strength. The disadvantage of the White Russian army became Zhang Zongchang's mistake, which made Sun Chuanfang smile.
4) Sun Chuanfang achieved a complete victory.
With the development of the war, Sun Chuanfang took advantage of the situation to gradually expand his army. The White Russian army was repeatedly defeated in battles, and Zhang Zongchang's plan came to naught. Sun Chuanfang seized the opportunity to occupy Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places in one fell swoop, and finally achieved a complete victory, and Feng's rule in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai officially ended.
Sun Chuanfang: The rise of the hegemony of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and the defeat of Zhang Zongchang's white army].
1) The rise of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai hegemons.
In the 1925 Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai Wars, Sun Chuanfang successfully won a complete victory against Feng with ingenious strategy and swift action. He took advantage of the opportunity to unite with the bigwigs, cautiously deal with the Feng army, skillfully use political means, and finally succeeded in occupying Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, emerging as the overlord of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai.
2) Zhang Zongchang: The defeat of the White Russian army.
Zhang Zongchang gambled on the power of the White Russian Army, but in the face of Sun Chuanfang's ingenious strategy, the White Russian Army was defeated repeatedly, which became Zhang Zongchang's fatal mistake. Sun Chuanfang took advantage of the situation to strengthen his army, the White Russian army was defeated, and Zhang Zongchang's ambition was in vain.
3) Lessons and enlightenment from the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai Wars.
The victory in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai wars made Sun Chuanfang emerge and become a hegemon. And Zhang Zongchang's mistake has also become a lesson of history, and the rout of the White Russian army has shown that it is easy to win not only with foreign aid. This war has left a profound lesson and enlightenment for Chinese history.
4) The New Order of Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai: The Governance and Development of Sun Chuanfang.
With the end of the war, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai entered the period of Sun Chuanfang's governance. Through prudent policies, he improved the image of local warlords, attracted investment, and boosted economic development. Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai gradually moved towards stability and prosperity, and Sun Chuanfang became the founder of this new order.
Summary: Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai met in a stormy manner, Sun Chuanfang counterattacked and became the hegemon, Zhang Zongchang and the White Russian army were defeated and the new order rose.
The dramatic and historical significance of the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai War is vividly and informatively described in this article. From the article, we can see that Sun Chuanfang successfully counterattacked with his shrewd strategy and flexible political means, while Zhang Zongchang faced a rout under the missteps of the White Russian army. The course of this war not only reflected the situation of the mixed war between China and the top government at that time, but also demonstrated the complexity of political wrestling and the use of foreign aid.
First of all, Sun Chuanfang's strategy and wit are amazing. He was good at uniting the bigwigs, carefully handling relations with all parties, and skillfully maintaining neutrality through political means, buying precious time. Behind this strategy is a politically minded warlord who can see the situation clearly, is good at scheming, and finally comes out on top in battle. Sun Chuanfang's successful rebellion also provided a successful model for later politicians on how to skillfully deal with various forces and act cautiously in the complex and volatile warlord era.
Second, Zhang Zongchang's missteps and the defeat of the White Russian army reflected the complexity of the political landscape at the time. As a foreign aid, the White Russian army was regarded as a powerful force at the time, but in the Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai wars, they were frequently defeated, which eventually led to the defeat of Zhang Zongchang. It is also a reminder that warlords, supported by foreign aid, are not always invincible in political struggles. Political wisdom and strategy are also crucial. Zhang's lessons were a warning to later leaders that they should not rely too much on foreign aid, and that substantial support was needed both domestically and militarily.
In addition, the description of the new order in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai after the war has also attracted attention. Sun Chuanfang's governance was positively praised for improving the image of local warlords through prudent policies, attracting investment, and boosting economic development. This provides a glimpse into the efforts and achievements of local leaders in building stable societies in the post-war period. However, it may be possible to go deeper into the specific impact of this new order on the lives and social structure of local residents.
On the whole, the Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai War was a turbulent and dramatic period in Chinese history, and this period of history is vividly restored and described in this article. Through the comparison between Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang, as well as reflections on foreign aid and political wisdom, readers are able to deeply consider the complexity of the political landscape at that time, as well as the various dilemmas and challenges of the warlord era.
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