After the Second World War, the world entered a pattern of bipolar confrontation. During this period, the countries of Eastern Europe were under the rule of the socialist camp and became the front line in the fight against capitalism. However, as time went on, the political situation in Eastern Europe changed, the regimes of various countries changed, the Communist Party and the Workers' Party lost power, and socialism suffered a heavy setback.
To trace the reasons for this change, we must mention the Cold War period. The Cold War was a confrontation between the socialist countries led by the Soviet Union and the capitalist countries led by the United States. In order to change the balance of power, Western countries have been implementing a strategy of "peaceful evolution" towards the socialist countries of Eastern Europe. The core idea of this strategy is to bring about changes in the political system within the countries of Eastern Europe through economic, cultural and political influence. With the passage of time, this influence gradually deepened, and the political, economic and social contradictions in the socialist countries of Eastern Europe became increasingly acute.
On the political front, the countries of Eastern Europe face serious problems. Due to the constraints of the Soviet model, these countries began to carry out some reforms after the 60s of the 20th century, but these reforms did not achieve much results. The country's economic development has been slow, and the people's living standards have not been effectively improved, which has led to the aggravation of social contradictions and the crisis of the ruling party's rule. In this context, the countries of Eastern Europe are in dire need of external assistance and support.
However, at this critical juncture, the Gorbachev reforms of the USSR not only did not bring much help to the countries of Eastern Europe, but on the contrary brought more chaos. Gorbachev's political reforms, which advocated "openness" and "political pluralism," led Eastern European countries to practice political pluralism and deny their history altogether. This in turn has led to political instability and instability, making the future of Eastern European countries even more uncertain.
During this period, Western countries continued to implement a strategy of "peaceful evolution" towards the countries of Eastern Europe. Through their economic, cultural and political influence, they brought about a change in the political system of the Eastern European countries, from a socialist country to a capitalist country.
However, this approach did not achieve much success. Although some Eastern European countries have undergone political changes, they have not happened overnight. In many cases, this change is only superficial and does not really solve the problems within the countries of Eastern Europe.
In short, the drastic changes in Eastern Europe are the result of a combination of factors. Among them, the decisive role is played by internal factors such as the history and politics of these countries, and the "peaceful evolution" of Western countries is only an external cause, and the direct cause is the unsuccessful reform of these countries.