Jizhou District, Hengshui City, Hebei Province, covers an area of only 918 square kilometers. However, if "Jizhou" is placed in the Han Dynasty and the Wei and Jin dynasties, it is equivalent to a province today, not only that, but the earliest "Jizhou" office is not in today's Jizhou, but nearly 100 kilometers away from it. So how did all of this change?
Jizhou District, Hengshui City.
Today, most of the place names with the word "state" in various names in our country are in ancient times, especially since the Tang Dynasty.
But this is not the earliest origin of the "state", "state" as an administrative region, the earliest is the Han Wu Emperor in the face of the country's larger and larger area, more and more counties, in order to carry out effective management, in the fifth year of Yuan Feng (106 BC) with reference to the legend of Yu placed the "Kyushu" started, divided into thirteen states in the country, each of which is a person in the history of the assassin, but there is no governance, only the edict of the two thousand stone of the chief official and the strong Zonghao right to supervise.
Yu Gong "Kyushu map.
In addition to the power of supervision, he also had the right to elect and impeach, the right to intervene in local administration, and the right to lead troops.
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, countries and forces abused too many states and counties, and Emperor Wen of Sui abolished the "county" level of the county, and directly managed the county with the "state", and the power and level of the "state" at this time were the same as the previous "county". The Tang Dynasty historian Du You said in the "General Dictionary": "The state governs the people, and the post is the same as the county guard", and Gu Yanwu in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties commented: "Since it is the name of the assassin history, the post is abolished."
In the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, and the Yuan Dynasty, on top of the "state" of the county, adopted the system of roads, roads, and provinces respectively, replacing the high-level political regions and provincial "states" since the Han Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the "prefectures" that emerged from the Tang and Song dynasties and gradually increased became the level of general counties below the provincial level, and the number of counties under the jurisdiction of "prefectures" was greatly reduced. After the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the general "prefecture" became the same political district as the county, except that the level of the chief executive "Zhizhou" was slightly higher, which was no different from the general county, and only a few "Zhili Prefectures" could also govern a few counties like "Fu".
Because the Han Dynasty was originally divided into thirteen states, according to the record of "Shangshu Yu Gong", it was Yu who divided the world into Jizhou and other nine states according to the topographical characteristics, and took each state as the boundary to control the floods according to local conditions. According to the order of water control, "Jizhou" is the first state to be governed, so it is considered to be the first of "Kyushu".
Jizhou Zhili Prefecture of the Qing Dynasty.
However, even such a "capital state" cannot get rid of historical changes, from the current "provincial level" to the Qing Dynasty to the "Zhili Prefecture" that governs several counties. * In the early years, the state was abolished as a county, and Jizhou became a county of Ji, regardless of other counties.
For the "state", or the time when the state assassin history had a fixed place of governance, it is believed that it was in the Eastern Han Dynasty. However, the exact year in which it occurred is not conclusive. It's just that there is a record in the eighteenth year (42 years) of Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu Jianwu in the "Zizhi Tongjian":
It's the age of the striker, the state pastor, the history of stabbing.It may be considered that it is the beginning of the fixed governance of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Jizhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty was governed in Gaoyi.
And the location of the "Jizhou" Thorn Shizhi Office was finally determined to be in "Shanxi", which is also "exquisite".
It is the Spring and Autumn Jinyi, and the Warring States Period is Zhaoyi, which is in the north 21 miles of Baixiang County, Hebei Province. In the fifth year of Yuanshuo of the Western Han Dynasty (124 years ago), Emperor Wu named Prince Zhou of Zhao Jingsu as a marquis, and later a county. When Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, conquered Hebei, he was the emperor here, and the Book of the Later Han Dynasty and the Emperor Guangwu recorded that in the first year of Jianwu (25 years), Guangwu traveled to Shanxi, "ordered to set up an altar in the Qianqiu Pavilion in the south of Shanxi, and Wucheng Mo" was the emperor's throne. Therefore, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Gaoyi County.
Satellite images from the 70s of the last century show that there are still obvious outlines of the city around Gucheng Town.
Not only did the name of the county be modified, but I believe that when the Eastern Han Dynasty chose the place of governance for "Jizhou", they also considered the factor of the place where the emperor ascended the throne, and determined the governance of Gaoyi County as the governance of Jizhou.
In ancient times, in addition to considering economic and political factors, the distance of the road was also considered, and the place was set up as far as possible in the middle.
But Ye is located in the southernmost part of Jizhou, why did it move there in the late Eastern Han Dynasty.
This is related to the general situation of the imperial court and the competition for Jizhou and other places in Hebei.
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, because of the need to suppress the Yellow Turban Army uprising, the state assassin was given greater authority and became a "state pastor". Jizhou Mu Han Fu was appointed by the powerful minister Dong Zhuo in the fifth year of Emperor Zhongping of the Han Dynasty (188), and it is said that he should be Dong Zhuo's person. But Han Fu has no talent, no ideas, and is very timid. In the first year of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty (190), when all the counties of Kwantung Prefecture raised troops to fight against Dong Zhuo, his subordinate, Yuan Shao, the Taishou of Bohai, sent people to persuade him to follow Yuan Shao as the leader of the alliance to raise troops against Dong. Later, Yuan Shao followed the advice of the strategists, forced Han Fu to commit suicide, and seized the land of Jizhou, and claimed himself as the "Jizhou Mu".
The Jizhou rule of the Eastern Han Dynasty shows that it was moved from Gaoyi to Ye.
So Han Fu and Yuan Shao's "Jizhou Mu" governance office, is it a place?
Probably not, according to the Jizhou governance recorded in the Book of Wei, Volume One Hundred and Six, Zhi Five, and Topographic Two
Jizhou, Gaoyi of the Later Han Dynasty;Yuan Shao and Cao Cao were Jizhou and governed Ye;Wei, Jin Zhixindu.When Han Fu served as the pastor of Jizhou, the administrative office may still be in Gaoyi, and when Yuan Shao captured Jizhou, he moved the administrative office to "Ye".
According to records, when the Kwantung Prefecture County raised troops to attack Dong Zhuo in the first year of Chuping (190), the task given to Han Fu was to "stay in Ye and give him military rations", because "Ye" is the seat of Wei County in the southernmost part of Jizhou, and then to the south is another equivalent to today's provincial-level organization "Sili School Captain Department", so "Ye" has become the rear base camp for the crusade against Dong Zhuo, which is also the basic role of "Ye" City at this time, not that it is already the seat of Jizhou.
Yecheng during the Three Kingdoms period, and Jizhou Zhixindu.
In addition, after Yuan Shao plotted to seize Jizhou, when the strategists persuaded him to welcome the Son of Heaven to move the capital to Yecheng, he said: "The city of Jinzhou is coarse, it is advisable to welcome the great driver, Angong Yedu, and order the princes by the Son of Heaven." The state city is "rough", probably because Gaoyi has just moved the various government offices.
Gaoyi as the Jizhou governance office for more than 150 years, formed a large number of loyal to the Han family of ** scholars and other people, for Yuan Shao, who has no royal family, these people are undoubtedly obstacles on his way forward, but at that time he had to "ask Dong", but also to consider confronting many forces, not caring about these people, moving away is undoubtedly the best coping strategy.
In addition, Yuan Shao's opponents are all in the south, and the position of "Ye" can be attacked, retreated and defended, and it also has Hebei grain and grass and human resources, which is undoubtedly the best base, if it is still in Gaoyi, it is too far away from the battlefield.
However, Yuan Shao was finally defeated by Cao Cao in the "Battle of Guandu", and Yecheng, which he painstakingly managed, eventually became Cao Cao's "foundation of hegemony". After Cao Pi became emperor, Yecheng was already the rear, although he put Ye and Chang'an, Luoyang, Qiao, Xuchang together, and became one of the five capitals of "Wei", but it could not avoid the shortcomings of Ye in the southernmost part of Jizhou, which was not convenient for the management of the whole state, so he moved the state to Xindu (now Jizhou District, Hengshui City) in the first year of the early Huang Dynasty (220).
Qing Dynasty Qianlong Jizhou city map.
As for why he didn't move back to Gaoyi, he thought that Gaoyi was the place where Liu Xiu became the emperor, and the Eastern Han Dynasty set up the state there, which was justified, and during the Wei period, Jizhou was surnamed "Cao" instead of "Liu", so there was no need to consider this factor and then set up the governance office in Gaoyi, and finally chose Xindu, which was closest to the administrative regional center. The time when Jizhou was governed in Yecheng was only about 30 years.
In the seventh year of Tianbao (556), the county seat of Gaoyi in "Shan" was moved to today's Gaoyi County. Since then, the 150-year-old state and nearly 600-year-old county government have left this ancient city and have fallen silent and become an ordinary township.
Do you understand that this is the case?Feel free to discuss at the bottom of the article.