As an important starting point for the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, rural planning is an important means to promote the transformation and upgrading of rural industries, improve the capacity of rural comprehensive supporting services, and promote rural economic and social development. At present, Sichuan Province is speeding up the construction of an urban-rural integrated land and space planning system, speeding up the improvement and approval of the overall land and space planning of cities and counties, and the land and space planning of rural areas, so as to enhance the spatial guarantee for regional coordinated development. It is reported that at present, Sichuan Province has completed the preparation of 865 village-level area plans, and 66 village-level area plans are being prepared.
According to the data of the seventh national population census, in 2020, there were 35,409 village-level units in Sichuan Province, and in terms of population size, the average permanent resident population of village-level units in the province was less than 2,000, of which 13 were permanent residents aged 65 and above in the community5% and 21 villages7%, the phenomenon of rural aging is becoming more and more obvious, and the loss of human resources is serious;In terms of distribution characteristics, Sichuan Province has complex topography and landforms, the overall distribution of villages is relatively scattered, the amount of cultivated land on which it depends for survival is small and the quality is poor, and at the same time, it faces problems such as lack of characteristic resources and weak infrastructure conditions, and the development momentum lags behind significantly. In 2020, the first half of the article on the adjustment of township administrative divisions and the adjustment and reform of village-level structure deployed by Sichuan Province realized the historic reshaping of the county's spatial structure, political power system, and governance structure through a combination of "transferring townships, merging villages, merging groups, and optimizing communities".
Sichuan Province takes the reform of township administrative divisions and village-level structural adjustment (hereinafter referred to as the two reforms) as an opportunity to compile rural land and spatial planning with the area as a unit, reshape the economic development pattern of the county, realize the integrated and high-quality development of the area through the rural development strategy of multi-village linkage, and write the "second half" of the two reforms with high quality, so as to comprehensively promote rural revitalization.
Based on the practice of territorial spatial planning in rural areas of Sichuan Province, this paper analyzes the practical difficulties of village planning in Sichuan Province and the positive countermeasures to promote the transformation of planning from "one region" to "region", in order to provide new ideas and methods for village planning in the context of territorial spatial planning system in the new era.
The practical dilemma of village planning
1.Village resources are similar, collaborative paths and carriers are missing, and the development of low-level homogeneity is low
The land resources, human resources and industrial scale of a single village are limited, and the resource background of most villages in the same rural area is relatively similar.
In the actual construction and operation, the villages are independent of each other, and may breed non-benign competition, especially the villages with relatively poor development foundation, in the situation of insufficient energy level, lack of grasp, and intensified competition, will be in the traditional development model for a long time and cannot achieve transformation, and it is difficult for rural areas to form a benign development pattern with strong and weak, complementary advantages, and win-win cooperation.
2.Village planning is relatively independent and lacks overall coordination
The progress and content of the planning of each village are relatively independent, and it is difficult to achieve synchronization or unity across administrative boundaries, and it is impossible to carry out timely and effective overall planning and coordination within the larger area of the village, which in turn leads to the lack of industrial development focus, the lack of pertinence of facilities, the low utilization rate and the waste of resources. For example, the layout of industrial projects is too simple.
1. Dispersion;Elements such as public service facilities and municipal disaster prevention facilities are overdistributed, duplicated, or divergent in the arrangement of points;Connectivity facilities such as road traffic do not correspond, and are misaligned.
3.The preparation period is long, and the budget is large
The development momentum and needs of different villages are quite different, and the original village planning is usually prepared, approved and implemented in batches according to temporary needs, and there is a lack of forward-looking layout and overall planning awareness, resulting in the lag of the preparation progress of the full-coverage village planning, the overall cycle is long, and the planning is difficult to play its due role in the region in a timely manner.
At the same time, the cost of planning with a single village as a unit is relatively high, and if the local attention is insufficient or there is a lack of stable financial guarantee, it is easy to have the situation of not compiling or complying with part of the village planning, which ultimately leads to the lack of effective planning guidance for the construction of such villages.
Promote the transformation of planning from "one region" to "region".
Strengthen the concept of region, strengthen the overall coordination of neighboring and related villages in the process of planning and implementation, and thus shorten the preparation cycle, reduce the budget, and accelerate the transformation of planning from "one region" to "region". On the premise of comprehensively considering geographical, transportation, industrial and cultural factors, Sichuan Province divides village-level units according to local conditions, and seeks to improve the spatial pattern of land and territory, the cultivation of advantageous industries, the allocation of service facilities and the improvement of the quality of human settlements, so as to realize the overall planning and integration of rural "regions", driven by fulcrums, driven by demonstrations, and developed by convergence.
1.Construct the overall pattern of land space
Focusing on the functional positioning and main problems of village-level areas, we should strengthen the constraints of the bottom line, take into account protection and development, and make overall plans for the layout of functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, so as to construct the overall pattern of rural land space from the unit level. This paper proposes a dynamic balance strategy for agricultural land, agricultural facility construction land, construction land and other land use among multiple villages, so as to ensure that it can not only meet the requirements of land and space use control transmitted by the upper-level planning, but also adapt and match the scale of land use with the development needs of each village in the area, so as to improve the flexibility and flexibility of planning.
2.Cultivate and expand industries with special advantages
Consolidate and expand the effective connection between the achievements of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization, especially to enhance the endogenous development momentum of poverty alleviation villages and people in mountainous areas. Based on the natural resource endowment and existing industrial foundation of the village-level area, the industrial development space should be coordinated, the development priorities should be clarified, the characteristic and advantageous industries should be cultivated and expanded, and the construction of industrial brands and business cards should be strengthenedPromote the spatial concentration of common or complementary industrial resources, and promote the development of industrial connections, scale, and modernizationThrough the industrial division of labor, the efficient operation of the industry-leading or service functions of each village will promote the extension and integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industriesAt the same time, the unique cultural resources of each village are deeply excavated, and the cultural elements are organically integrated with the industrial development of each village, so as to enrich the industrial characteristics and connotation.
3.Optimize the allocation of facility element resources
Focus on solving the problem of the coexistence of "idleness" and "shortage" of rural facilities, coordinate the layout of public service facilities and infrastructure in village-level areas, and orderly promote the co-construction, sharing and interconnection of facilities such as culture and entertainment, medical care and sports, elderly care and childcare, roads, water, electricity, sanitation and disaster prevention.
Based on the characteristics of the existing facilities in each village, fully consider the radiation range of various facilities, adopt the layout principle of combining decentralization and centralization, improve the service capacity of the central village, integrate the service functions of other villages, implement dislocation configuration and complement each other, build a differentiated facility configuration model in the area, and further optimize the delivery of facility elements.
4.Create a demonstration of the quality of human settlements
Following the principle of conforming to the topography, showing the mountains and dews, and highlighting the local characteristics, through the construction planning of typical residential areas, the construction of farmhouses and the construction of environmental quality in the entire village-level area are guided and controlled by the method of "typical demonstration + general principles of planning".
Comprehensively consider the layout of homesteads, front and back of houses and supporting facilities, protect and continue the traditional rural texture, guide each village to form an overall spatial form that is integrated with the natural environment and adapted to life and production, and avoid the layout of columns and barracksCombined with the local cultural characteristics and residents' living Xi habits, the overall style of rural architecture is determined according to local conditions, and architectural style guidelines are formulated to improve the image level of the countryside.
For a long time, village planning has mostly taken a single village as the planning unit, and promoted the construction of villages that mainly improve supporting service facilities and improve the living environment, which has problems such as lack of resources, insufficient infrastructure, and unscientific planning. With the emphasis on sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, the way of territorial spatial planning of regional villages has gradually attracted attention. The planning method of taking the area as a unit can make the planning more accurate, better meet the particularity of rural areas, avoid blind expansion and overdevelopment, and promote the industrial upgrading and transformation of rural areas and promote the development of rural economy.
Within the limited time and budget, the territorial spatial linkage planning mechanism with the area as the unit has effectively improved the forward-looking, scientific and operable nature of the planning, coordinated the development layout and resource investment, further stimulated the momentum of rural revitalization and development, and provided a useful exploration for the preparation of territorial spatial planning in rural areas.