The temperature has plummeted, and the real feeling of winter is getting stronger. When the weather is cold, people are craving warm things more and more, and drinking a warm pot of good wine is a treat.
Winter drinking is not a modern Xi. Chinese wine culture has a long history, dating back more than 3,000 years. Looking back on the past, Bai Juyi, a famous poet in the Tang Dynasty, once wrote the eternal swan song of "If you want snow in the evening, you can drink a cup of nothing", inviting friends to come to drink and complain to each other on the night when the wind and snow are flying.
Of course, today's enthusiasm for drinking has not waned. It's Christmas season again, and steaming mulled wine has become one of the "fashion items" to go out in winter, and even the streets at night are filled with the warm smell of wine;And the ** of summer barbecue with beer has also become a hot pot with white wine as the weather cools.
Although it is often said that "drink and have fun", is this really the case?The recent study may be a buzz. A team of researchers from the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom looked at data from more than 500,000 Chinese and found that higher alcohol intake increased the risk of overall death and major diseases in Chinese men.
Specifically,Mendelian randomization analysis showed a positive linear relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of mortality from multiple diseases, rather than a U-shape. That is, for every 100g of additional drinks per week, all-cause mortality in male participants increased by 18%. The study was published in The Lancetthe lancet public healthAbove.
DOI: Over the past few decades, meta-analyses based on prospective studies have reported a lower risk of death in moderation and cardiovascular disease in particular. As a result, there is a certain level of consensus that "1-2 glasses of alcohol per day is a safe amount of alcohol for the average person".
However, it is well known that there are two common genetic variants in East Asian populations (ALDH2-RS671 and ADH1B-RS1229984). These two mutated genes alter the function of enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, leading to an impact on alcohol tolerance and the amount of alcohol that East Asians can drink.
So, among Chinese who love to drink, how does the amount of alcohol consume affect the mortality rate of specific diseases?
In order to get a more valuable conclusion, the researchers from:Prospective Study of Chronic Diseases (CKB) in ChinaA total of 512,724 Chinese adult participants were collected.
Based on self-reported drinking patterns, participants were divided into four categories: current drinkers (who drank most weeks in the past year), non-drinkers (who did not drink alcohol in the past year and did not drink most weeks), occasional drinkers (who drank occasionally and most weeks in the past year), and former drinkers (who drank occasionally or almost nothing in the past year, but who had previously drunk regularly before).
At the same time, according to the frequency of drinking, the amount of alcohol intake, and the type of alcohol, the current drinkers are further subdivided: 140g Basic information for all participants. Statistics show that 69,900 men are current drinkers, and they have a drinking Xi almost every week, accounting for 333%；Another 377% have a Xi of occasional drinking. Out of a total of more than 500,000 people, 56,550 deaths were recorded. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular disease and cancer, which together account for 725%。In addition, 16 deaths were due to respiratory diseases and non-medical causes1%。 The results showed that after adjusting for multiple risk factors such as age, education, and household income, a J-shaped or U-shaped association was found between self-reported alcohol consumption and the risk of death from major diseases in men, i.e., the risk of death from multiple diseases was much higher in ex-drinkers, non-drinkers, and heavy drinkers than in occasional or moderate drinkers. A similar association was found in the risk of all-cause mortality. Current occasional and frequent drinkers also have a higher projected survival rate compared to non-drinkers and former drinkers. Association between alcohol consumption and mortality risk of different diseases in men. But if you look at current drinkers alone, the risk of death increases with alcohol intake. Specifically,When each 100g increase in alcohol intake per week increased the risk of all-cause mortality by 15% in male participants, and by 15% and 15% in cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, other medical causes, and non-medical causes, respectively. In terms of specific causes of death, regular alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke, esophageal cancer, liver cancer, stomach cancer, alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, and self-harm. The relationship between the amount of alcohol consumed and the risk of disease death among current drinkers. Since there is a J-shaped or U-shaped association in the whole population, is it consistent with the previous perception: is it really pleasant to drink?Drinking alcohol in moderation is good for your health However, when Mendelian randomization was used, the picture was quite differentLinear growth replaces the original J-shaped or U-shaped correlation. That is, in current drinkers, the risk of all-cause mortality increases in a dose-response fashion, and there is no threshold even at low doses. In participants with a recorded genotype using Mendelian randomization analysis, the risk of all-cause and multi-morbidity mortality increased linearly with increasing alcohol intake. Specifically,For every 100g of alcohol consumed per week, male participants had a 15% higher risk of death from cardiovascular disease, a 31% increased risk of death from liver disease, and a 7% increased risk of all-cause death. However, it is not related to respiratory, other medical or non-medical causes of death. Therefore, it is worth everyone's vigilance that there is no safety line for drinking!As soon as you start drinking, it is the beginning of damage to your health. Genetic association between alcohol intake and cause-specific mortality in men. In fact, alcohol consumption was very low in women across the cohort and could be compared to men to assess the pleiotropy of genetic variants. The study found that there was no excessive risk of death from a specific cause in women, even when using the same genotypic region category as males. This strongly supports the fact that the excessive risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, liver disease, and total male mortality is caused by alcohol itself, rather than genetics. Thus, this large prospective cohort study of the Chinese population showed a sexually increased relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of death, rather than a J or U-shape. In other words, moderate alcohol consumption may not have positive health effects, especially stroke, cancer, liver disease, and all-cause death. Whereas, an analysis of women's low alcohol intake in China suggests that excessive mortality in men is due to alcohol itself, rather than genetic pleiotropy. Again, there is really no safe threshold for drinking, and it is better not to drink at all. 
