Three minutes to talk about popular science
Rosaceae is a large family in the plant kingdom, with four subfamilies and 124 genera, about 3,000 species, and China is the distribution center of Rosaceae, with 51 genera and 1,100 species, including herbs, shrubs or small trees. Rosaceae plants have a long history of cultivation, there are many important traditional ornamental plants and fruit plants, constituting a colorful, colorful world of flowers and fruits, including more than 100 kinds of fruit trees, native to China, Rosaceae cultivated fruits occupy one-third of the fruit market, and are widely cultivated and applied all over the world. Rosaceae plants are widely distributed all over the world, but they are more distributed and cultivated in the northern temperate zone and less in the southern hemisphere. So what are the famous flower and fruit plants in the Rosaceae family?
1. Moon season: Rosaceae Rosaceae, there are vines, shrubs, etc., flowers bloom in four seasons, flower types, flower colors, flower fragrances are varied, ornamental value is very high, known as "the queen of flowers", cultivation and ornamentation have a long history, and now it is said that there are more than 30,000 varieties. It is the city flower of 53 cities such as Beijing, Tianjin and Changzhou.
2. Rose: Rosaceae Rosaceae, the flowering period is between May and June every year, a season of flowers a year, the flower color is relatively single, mainly used for Titian, also for ornamental, its fragrance is long and long, good diffusion, rose essential oil has the name of "liquid **";
3. Rose: Rosaceae Rose, there is a very similar sister of the same genus, Rose, which is also a common famous ornamental plant, generally vine, blooming with gorgeous flowers, huge flowers, and rich floral fragrance.
4. Begonia: Rosaceae apple, a famous ornamental and fruit plant, since ancient times, there are four kinds of begonias, among which the weeping silk begonia and Xifu begonia belong to the apple genus, and the papaya begonia and the sticky stem begonia belong to the papaya genus. In the Tang Dynasty, Xifu Begonia grew in the Xifu area west of Chang'an, Kyoto (now Baoji City, Shaanxi Province), so it is called Xifu Begonia and continues to be used today. Xifu Begonia Flower is now the city flower of Baoji City, and the fruit of Xifu Begonia is also very delicious and attractive, and the Begonia of the Prime Minister's Xihua Hall is Xifu Begonia.
5. Apple: The most common famous fruit of the Rosaceae family, the flower can be ornamental, the fruit is edible, it is the most extensive fruit species, and the global apple production is second only to bananas. The apple blossom is a post-leaf flower, the flower bud is red, and the flower is white trumpet-shaped, white with a red halo, beautiful and graceful, with a unique fragrance. After the apple blossoms bloom all over the mountains, there is an absolute sea of flowers!
6. Cherry blossoms: Rosaceae plum belongs to the subgenus of cherry, the cherry blossom color is bright and bright, the branches and leaves are luxuriant and vigorous, it is an important flowering tree species in early spring, there are single petals, double petals, the flower color has white, pink, red and other flowers in full bloom, the trees are full of flowers, such as clouds and clouds, extremely spectacular. It can be planted in large areas to create a "sea of flowers" landscape, which can be dotted in the green space to form a brocade group, or it can be planted alone to form a landscape of "a little red in the green bush".
7. Peach: Rosaceae peach is a small tree, peach originated in China, deciduous small tree, the flower is solitary, from light to dark pink or red, sometimes white, with a short stalk, 4 cm in diameter, flowering in early spring;The flowers can be ornamental, the fruit is juicy, nearly spherical drupes, can be eaten raw or made into preserved peaches, canned food, etc., and the kernels can also be eaten. Peaches are rich in nutrients, and there is a saying that peaches raise people since ancient times.
8. Plum: Rosaceae plum is a small tree, belonging to the Chinese have the elegance of stepping on the snow to find plums, is one of the three friends of the cold year, can proudly open in winter, and has a more tenacious spirit. There are many varieties, characterized by green twigs, thorny, flowers 1-2 born on old branches, short stalks, pink or white petals, double petals, aromatic fragrance. In addition to ornamental flowers, plum also has fruit plum, which is a good product for processing.
9. Pear: Rosaceae pear is an arbor plant, a famous fruit, pear has the effect of moistening the lungs and dissolving phlegm, known as the sect of a hundred fruits, pear is not only sweet and delicious, crispy and juicy, but also nutritious. It is widely cultivated in China, and its yield is second only to apples. Shandong Qiuyue pear, Dangshan pear, Korla fragrant pear and so on are well-known at home and abroad. The pear blossoms are white and red, which is very ornamental.
10. Strawberry: Rosaceae is one of the few herbaceous fruits in the Rosaceae family. Perennial herb, with Portuguese stems, three compound leaves or 5 leaflets, flowers are white, pink, red, the fruit also has red, pink, white and other colors, the fruit of strawberry is developed and expanded by the receptacle, strawberry has high nutritional value, medical value and ecological value. Strawberry berries are fragrant and juicy, nutritious, known as the "Queen of Fruits", modern cultivation through facilities in the winter can be the first market, now there are strawberries sold all over the street.
In addition, ornamental plants of the Rosaceae family, such as meadowsweet, meadowsweet, pearl plum, peach, rowan, begonia and white cuckoo, have beautiful and lovely branches and flowers, and colorful fruits, which occupy an important place in gardens around the world. Rosaceae fruit plants such as sand fruit, begonia, plum, apricot, cherry (cherry), loquat, quince, hawthorn, prickly pear and raspberry, etc., are all famous fruits, almonds (almonds) and almonds are famous dried fruits, each with many excellent varieties, commonly cultivated all over the world.