Beijing**Client|Reporter Jia Xiaoyan.
At the end of the year, people who go to major hospitals and physical examination institutions in Beijing to participate in physical examinations are crowded. In the fifties and sixties of the last century, physical examination was mainly implemented as a labor protection measure for factories and mining enterprises. With the improvement of living standards, people pay more and more attention to physical health, and physical examinations are gradually popularized. Nowadays, for Beijingers, physical examination has become an effective means of health management.
Labor insurance measures for factories and mining enterprises.
In the fifties and sixties of the last century, physical examinations were still relatively unfamiliar to most Beijing citizens, and in addition to the rigid requirements for enlistment and enrollment, physical examinations were mainly carried out for the workers of factories and mining enterprises.
June 2, 1957, "Beijing**" 2nd edition.
At that time, physical examination was mainly implemented as a labor protection measure for factories and mining enterprises. According to the second page of this newspaper on June 2, 1957, "Medical Personnel Go Down to the Mine to Check the Miners' Bodies," in order to study the occupational diseases in the coal mining industry, a group of medical workers in the city conducted a physical examination for the miners of the Chengzi Coal Mine. Doctors from the branch of the Sino-Soviet Friendship Hospital in Beijing moved the hospital's only indirect projective X-ray machine here and took chest X-rays for the miners, and doctors from the Department of Otolaryngology of Beijing Medical College examined the effects of underground rock dust on the upper respiratory tract and the irritation of the eardrum by underground noise.
In the 60s of the last century, doctors at Muslim hospitals regularly performed chest X-rays for factories, institutions, schools and residents. Photo by Feng Wengang.
Factories and mines also have infirmaries, equipped with professional doctors or health workers, who regularly give workers physical examinations, and once health problems are found, they will report them in a timely manner. According to the second edition of this newspaper on January 15, 1960, "General Health Workers in Small and Medium-sized Factories in Xuanwu District", after the health workers of the Xuanwu District Glass Factory conducted a physical examination for all the workers in the factory, they found that there were more workers in the grinding section suffering from paronychia, and immediately reported to the First Hospital. The hospital sent a professional team to investigate the workshop and found that it was caused by too much alkalinity of the water used to ground the glass. So, they added glacial acetic acid to the water to neutralize it, relieving the workers of their pain. The workers of the Dashilar Jade Factory reported that their hands were often numb during the physical examination, and the health workers and technicians found that the workers used cold water when grinding jade. Later, this process was switched to warm water, and the problem of numbness in the workers' hands no longer appeared.
January 15, 1960, 2nd edition of Beijing**.
According to the characteristics of a large number of female workers, Beijing No. 2 Cotton Textile Factory actively carries out labor protection work for female workers during menstruation, pregnancy, childbirth and lactation. Every year, the factory will organize female workers to have one or two physical examinations to find diseases and be timely. December 14, 1960, "Beijing**", 2nd edition, "Beijing Cotton No. 2 Factory provides convenience for female workers during menstruation").
In 1977, the staff of the Beijing Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases went to the production line to check the health of the workers of the Second Affiliated Branch of the Beijing Automobile Factory. Photo by Sima Xiaomeng.
In order to protect the health of employees, some enterprises have also increased the number of physical examination items. In 1975, on the basis of chest fluoroscopy, Beijing Metallurgical Hydraulic Machinery Factory added physical examination items such as lung auscultation, liver and spleen palpation, liver function test and stool test, and employees were checked at any time. If any suspicious situation is found during the inspection, the factory infirmary will further help the employees to clarify the condition and carry out it in a timely manner, and the employees are very satisfied. (October 29, 1975, "Beijing**" 2nd edition, "Increase physical examination items to achieve early treatment of diseases").
Rewards for advanced workers.
In the first decade of the last century, the scope of physical examination has expanded, in addition to the routine physical examination required by the industry, the relevant departments will also organize specific groups to carry out physical examinations. This kind of treatment is mostly for science and education workers and advanced figures in other industries, and it has a certain reward nature, which reflects the respect that society has for them.
In 1983, the Fengtai District Association for Science and Technology and the District Health Bureau jointly conducted a physical examination for 188 scientific and technological personnel in the district, and the scientific and technological personnel who had obtained intermediate titles such as engineers, agronomists, and animal husbandry and veterinary technicians were examined. The District Association for Science and Technology and the District Health Bureau set up a team of chief examiners to analyze the detected diseases one by one and put forward a health care plan. (January 3, 1983, "Beijing**", 1st edition, "Fengtai District for Intermediate Scientific and Technological Personnel Physical Examination").
August 31, 1983, "Beijing**" 1st edition.
In that year, a total of 10 districts and counties in the city organized scientific and technological personnel above the intermediate level to conduct physical examinations, and more than 2,000 scientific and technological personnel benefited. Some districts and counties have set up consultation clinics to provide ** and health care solutions; There are also some districts and counties that have established medical records for scientific and technological personnel. In the physical examination, various districts and counties found that many front-line scientific and technological backbones have never done a comprehensive physical examination, and they have insisted on working with illness for a long time, and they have become ill from hard work. In response to this situation, the relevant departments have taken measures to strengthen the protection and protection, which is welcomed by scientific and technological personnel. (August 31, 1983, "Beijing**", 1st edition, "Physical Examination for More than 2,000 Intermediate and Above Scientific and Technological Personnel").
August 18, 1985, "Beijing**" 1st edition.
Teachers were also among the early participants in the physical examination. In order to celebrate the first Teacher's Day in the country, from September 1985 to the end of the year, the city's more than 270 **, municipal, military, industrial and mining enterprises, districts, counties and streets, township hospitals, for the city's 11More than 20,000 teachers in primary and secondary schools and kindergartens received free medical examinations. This was the largest in the city at that time, involving the most medical units of a collective physical examination of teachers, 5,575 schools were inspected, of which more than 20,000 teachers were found to be sick in the physical examination, and carried out in a timely manner. On March 10, 1986, the first edition of "Beijing**", "The city's medical and health front has made new achievements") Since then, all districts and counties have paid more and more attention to the health of teachers, and have successively established a physical examination system for teachers.
In 1993, young volunteers from Changping went to the homes of the elderly who were lonely and widowed to do health check-ups for the elderly.
In those years, on some special anniversaries and festivals, some hospitals would also hold public welfare activities including physical examinations. Before the arrival of the "May Day" festival in 1997, the medical staff of Beijing Friendship Hospital conducted free physical examinations for 38 Beijing model workers, "May Day" medal winners and civilized citizens in Tianqiao area, covering blood tests, electrocardiograms, B ultrasound, chest X-ray, internal and external ears, eyes and **, urology and other examinations, which not only brought health to these advanced figures, but also promoted positive energy in the society. (April 17, 1997, "Beijing**", 6th edition, "Free Physical Examination for Advanced Figures").
Regular health check-ups have become the new fashion for health care.
In the new century, people's awareness of health care has been greatly improved, and there has been a demand for active physical examination.
During the May Day holiday in 2002, the 12 wards of the Beijing Friendship Hospital Health Care Center were full almost every day, and the patients who came to the hospital were all elderly people who had been sent by their children for special medical examinations. At that time, the cost was not cheap, the room price was 400 yuan to 1,500 yuan a day, and the cost of a full set of physical examinations was about 3,000 yuan. There are also medical examination institutions that are also full of customers. A medical examination center can welcome 70 or 80 people every day, many of whom are elderly. Some young people who accompanied their parents to the physical examination said that it was worth paying 290 yuan out of their own pockets to do more than 90 examinations, and if they were not at ease, they could also add items such as "early cancer screening" on the spot. Mr. Huang, who works in a foreign company, decided to send his parents to "find a doctor" every year, "I have a regular physical examination, and I know that even if there is a problem in the second year, I know that it must be early." (May 8, 2002, "Beijing**", 5th edition, "Young people pay for their parents to "find a doctor").
May 8, 2002, 5th edition, Beijing**.
With the acceleration of people's work and life rhythm, various chronic diseases and "lifestyle diseases" have appeared, and the demand for regular physical examinations has increased, especially after the SARS epidemic in 2003, there have been more units that organize employees to conduct physical examinations. In order to meet the needs of the market, some hospitals have opened special physical examination departments, physical examination areas, and provided different "physical examination menus", so that the examinee no longer has to run around upstairs and downstairs in the hospital during the examination. Some units simply invite the physical examination institution to the door, and the employees can take the time to do the physical examination when they go to work, which is very convenient.
In 2007, doctors from Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital came to Wanquan Primary School to provide free physical examinations for more than 140 resident students. Photo by Rao Qiang.
Gradually, regular medical check-ups became fashionable. In 2004, appointments were popular in major physical examination centers in Beijing, and physical examination cards worth one or two thousand yuan became a "new favorite gift" for relatives and friends because of their dignity and humanistic care. An old gentleman who did a physical examination at the Beijing Physical Examination Center said: "My wife and I have a New Year's gift from our son and daughter-in-law. (January 1, 2004, "Beijing**", 7th edition, "Give a gift to give a "physical examination card").
November 24, 2007, Beijing**, 6th edition.
According to the data, in 2006, the number of physical examinations in Beijing reached 4.57 million, equivalent to nearly one-third of the city's permanent population, and there were 536 medical institutions that carried out physical examinations. Physical examination has become an important way for Beijing citizens to pay attention to their health. (November 24, 2007, Beijing**, 6th edition, "4.57 million citizens participated in physical examination last year").
Citizens have their own "health records".
With the improvement of living standards, in recent years, people have paid more attention to physical health, and physical examination has become a part of daily life.
In 2012, Beijing released the "Citizen Health Record" for the first time, that is, the city's health examination information data including osteoporosis, fatty liver, retinal arteriosclerosis, etc. At that time, overweight ranked among the top three in the ranking of positive detection rates in men's and women's health examinations. (February 25, 2012, "Beijing**" 5th edition, "Citizen Physical Examination Data First Released") Since then, the Municipal Physical Examination Center has released physical examination data to the public almost every year, indicating abnormal items with a relatively high detection rate. Many citizens will also carefully study their physical examination reports, re-examine their lifestyles, and pay attention to changing bad Xi and improving their health.
On February 25, 2012, the 5th edition of Beijing**.
In 2014, the "Expert Consensus on Beijing Health Examination Project" was released with the participation of medical experts from various specialties in the city. This is the city's first physical examination guideline, which clarifies that there are 63 basic physical examination items for the general population (including men and women). At that time, there were 187 medical institutions in Beijing that carried out health check-ups, and nearly 3 million people received routine health check-ups every year. If the medical examiner wants to do some additional examination items on his own, he or she generally follows the advice of the staff of the medical examination institution. With this expert version of the guide, the medical examiner has rules to follow and avoids over-examination. (March 17, 2014, Beijing**, 9th edition, "Health Examination Has an Expert Guide").
March 17, 2014, "Beijing**" 9th edition.
In 2017, the Municipal Physical Examination Center implemented the "Beijing Sports and Medical Integration Project", carried out health management, and carried out exercise and dietary intervention for people with abnormal indicators such as overweight, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, and elevated fasting blood sugar, reminding Beijing citizens to further adjust their lifestyles, pay attention to reasonable diet, appropriate exercise, peace of mind, quit smoking and limit alcohol. (December 6, 2018, "Beijing**" 8th edition, "Sancheng** overweight dyslipidemia").
In 2018, more than 60,000 candidates in Beijing participated in the high-level physical examination. Fang Fei photographed.
Nowadays, physical examination has become an effective means of health management, and many people in Beijing have their own "health records", and have formed a health literacy of early prevention, early diagnosis and early treatment, and their sense of happiness in life has been greatly improved.
Source**: Beijing News Group** database.